Initial commit - restart from existing code

This commit is contained in:
Tom Ray
2026-02-13 19:15:05 +01:00
parent 11df621bb2
commit 7c352bc280
1906 changed files with 491226 additions and 0 deletions

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test

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lib/All/entt/.bazeliskrc Normal file
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USE_BAZEL_VERSION=6.x

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lib/All/entt/.bazelrc Normal file
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common --enable_bzlmod
build --enable_platform_specific_config
build --incompatible_enable_cc_toolchain_resolution
build --enable_runfiles
build --incompatible_strict_action_env
# required for googletest
build:linux --cxxopt=-std=c++17
build:macos --cxxopt=-std=c++17
common:ci --announce_rc
common:ci --verbose_failures
common:ci --keep_going
test:ci --test_output=errors
try-import %workspace%/user.bazelrc

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BasedOnStyle: llvm
---
AccessModifierOffset: -4
AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Always
AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: WithoutElse
AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true
AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: NonAssignment
BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
ColumnLimit: 0
DerivePointerAlignment: false
IncludeCategories:
- Regex: '<[[:alnum:]_]+>'
Priority: 1
- Regex: '<(gtest|gmock)/'
Priority: 2
- Regex: '<[[:alnum:]_./]+>'
Priority: 3
- Regex: '<entt/'
Priority: 4
- Regex: '.*'
Priority: 5
IncludeIsMainRegex: "^$"
IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
IndentWidth: 4
KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
Language: Cpp
PointerAlignment: Right
SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: false
SpaceAroundPointerQualifiers: After
SpaceBeforeCaseColon: false
SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: false
SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: false
SpaceBeforeParens: Never
SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: false
Standard: Latest
TabWidth: 4
UseTab: Never

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lib/All/entt/.clang-tidy Normal file
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Checks: >
bugprone-*,
clang-analyzer-*,
-clang-analyzer-optin.core.EnumCastOutOfRange,
concurrency-*,
cppcoreguidelines-*,
-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,
-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,
-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,
-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-member-init,
-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,
-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,
misc-*,
-misc-include-cleaner,
-misc-no-recursion,
modernize-*,
-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
performance-*,
portability-*,
readability-*,
-readability-function-cognitive-complexity,
-readability-named-parameter,
-readability-uppercase-literal-suffix,
CheckOptions:
- key: cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers.IgnoreAllFloatingPointValues
value: true
- key: cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers.IgnorePowersOf2IntegerValues
value: true
- key: cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved.AllowPartialMove
value: true
- key: cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved.IgnoreUnnamedParams
value: true
- key: cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions.AllowMissingMoveFunctions
value: true
- key: cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions.AllowMissingMoveFunctionsWhenCopyIsDeleted
value: true
- key: cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions.AllowSoleDefaultDtor
value: true
- key: misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes.IgnoreClassesWithAllMemberVariablesBeingPublic
value: true
- key: misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes.IgnorePublicMemberVariables
value: true
- key: modernize-avoid-c-arrays.AllowStringArrays
value: true
- key: performance-enum-size.EnumIgnoreList
value: meta_traits
- key: readability-function-cognitive-complexity.IgnoreMacros
value: true
- key: readability-identifier-length.MinimumParameterNameLength
value: 2
- key: readability-identifier-length.MinimumVariableNameLength
value: 2
- key: readability-magic-numbers.IgnoreAllFloatingPointValues
value: true
- key: readability-magic-numbers.IgnorePowersOf2IntegerValues
value: true

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lib/All/entt/.github/FUNDING.yml vendored Normal file
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# These are supported funding model platforms
github: skypjack
custom: https://www.paypal.me/skypjack

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name: Bazel Release
on:
release:
types: [published]
jobs:
# A release archive is required for bzlmod
# See: https://blog.bazel.build/2023/02/15/github-archive-checksum.html
bazel-release-archive:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
continue-on-error: true
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- uses: actions/setup-go@v5
- run: go install github.com/bazelbuild/buildtools/buildozer@latest
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- run: ./scripts/sync_bzlmod_version.sh
- run: git archive $GITHUB_REF -o "entt-${GITHUB_REF:10}.tar.gz"
- run: gh release upload ${GITHUB_REF:10} "entt-${GITHUB_REF:10}.tar.gz"
env:
GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}

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name: bazel
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
test:
strategy:
matrix:
os:
- ubuntu-latest
- windows-latest
- macos-latest
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
continue-on-error: true
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- run: bazelisk test --config=ci ...
working-directory: test
env:
USE_BAZEL_VERSION: 6.x

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lib/All/entt/.github/workflows/build.yml vendored Normal file
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name: build
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
linux:
strategy:
matrix:
compiler:
- { pkg: g++, exe: 'g++', version: 12 }
- { pkg: g++, exe: 'g++', version: 13 }
- { pkg: g++, exe: 'g++', version: 14 }
- { pkg: clang, exe: 'clang++', version: 16 }
- { pkg: clang, exe: 'clang++', version: 17 }
- { pkg: clang, exe: 'clang++', version: 18 }
timeout-minutes: 15
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install compiler
run: |
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ${{ matrix.compiler.pkg }}-${{ matrix.compiler.version }}
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
env:
CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.exe }}-${{ matrix.compiler.version }}
run: |
cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON -DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON -DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON ..
make -j4
- name: Run tests
working-directory: build
env:
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
run: ctest -C Debug -j4
windows:
strategy:
matrix:
toolset: [default, v142, clang-cl]
include:
- toolset: v142
toolset_option: -T"v142"
- toolset: clang-cl
toolset_option: -T"ClangCl"
timeout-minutes: 15
runs-on: windows-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
run: |
cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON -DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON -DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON ${{ matrix.toolset_option }} ..
cmake --build . -j 4
- name: Run tests
working-directory: build
env:
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
run: ctest -C Debug -j4
macos:
timeout-minutes: 15
runs-on: macOS-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
run: |
cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON -DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON -DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON ..
make -j4
- name: Run tests
working-directory: build
env:
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
run: ctest -C Debug -j4
extra:
strategy:
matrix:
os: [windows-latest, macOS-latest, ubuntu-latest]
id_type: ["std::uint32_t", "std::uint64_t"]
cxx_std: [cxx_std_17, cxx_std_20]
timeout-minutes: 15
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
run: |
cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON -DENTT_CXX_STD=${{ matrix.cxx_std }} -DENTT_ID_TYPE=${{ matrix.id_type }} ..
cmake --build . -j 4
- name: Run tests
working-directory: build
env:
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
run: ctest -C Debug -j4

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name: coverage
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
codecov:
timeout-minutes: 15
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
env:
CXXFLAGS: "--coverage -fno-elide-constructors -fno-inline -fno-default-inline"
CXX: g++
run: |
cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON -DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON -DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON ..
make -j4
- name: Run tests
working-directory: build
env:
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
run: ctest -C Debug -j4
- name: Collect data
working-directory: build
run: |
sudo apt install lcov
lcov -c -d . -o coverage.info --ignore-errors gcov,gcov,mismatch,mismatch
lcov -l coverage.info
- name: Upload coverage to Codecov
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
with:
token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
files: build/coverage.info
name: EnTT
fail_ci_if_error: true

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name: deploy
on:
release:
types: published
jobs:
homebrew-entt:
timeout-minutes: 5
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
GH_REPO: homebrew-entt
FORMULA: entt.rb
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Clone repository
working-directory: build
env:
PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
run: git clone https://$GITHUB_ACTOR:$PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN@github.com/$GITHUB_ACTOR/$GH_REPO.git
- name: Prepare formula
working-directory: build
run: |
cd $GH_REPO
curl "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/archive/${{ github.ref }}.tar.gz" --location --fail --silent --show-error --output archive.tar.gz
sed -i -e '/url/s/".*"/"'$(echo "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/archive/${{ github.ref }}.tar.gz" | sed -e 's/[\/&]/\\&/g')'"/' $FORMULA
sed -i -e '/sha256/s/".*"/"'$(openssl sha256 archive.tar.gz | cut -d " " -f 2)'"/' $FORMULA
- name: Update remote
working-directory: build
run: |
cd $GH_REPO
git config --local user.email "action@github.com"
git config --local user.name "$GITHUB_ACTOR"
git add $FORMULA
git commit -m "Update to ${{ github.ref }}"
git push origin master

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name: sanitizer
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
clang:
timeout-minutes: 15
strategy:
matrix:
compiler: [clang++]
id_type: ["std::uint32_t", "std::uint64_t"]
cxx_std: [cxx_std_17, cxx_std_20]
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
env:
CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler }}
run: |
cmake -DENTT_USE_SANITIZER=ON -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON -DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON -DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON -DENTT_CXX_STD=${{ matrix.cxx_std }} -DENTT_ID_TYPE=${{ matrix.id_type }} ..
make -j4
- name: Run tests
working-directory: build
env:
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
run: ctest -C Debug -j4

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name: tools
on:
push:
branches:
- tools
jobs:
iwyu:
timeout-minutes: 60
env:
IWYU: "0.23"
LLVM: "19"
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
continue-on-error: true
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install llvm/clang
# see: https://apt.llvm.org/
run: |
wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/noble/ llvm-toolchain-noble-$LLVM main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt remove -y "llvm*"
sudo apt remove -y "libclang*"
sudo apt remove -y "clang*"
sudo apt install -y llvm-$LLVM-dev
sudo apt install -y libclang-$LLVM-dev
sudo apt install -y clang-$LLVM
- name: Compile iwyu
# see: https://github.com/include-what-you-use/include-what-you-use
working-directory: build
run: |
git clone https://github.com/include-what-you-use/include-what-you-use.git --branch $IWYU --depth 1
mkdir include-what-you-use/build
cd include-what-you-use/build
cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-$LLVM \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-$LLVM \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./ \
..
make -j4
bin/include-what-you-use --version
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
run: |
export PATH=$PATH:${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/include-what-you-use/build/bin
cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-$LLVM \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-$LLVM \
-DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_BENCHMARK=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_SNAPSHOT=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_TOOLS=ON \
-DCMAKE_CXX_INCLUDE_WHAT_YOU_USE="include-what-you-use;-Xiwyu;--mapping_file=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/entt.imp;-Xiwyu;--no_fwd_decls;-Xiwyu;--verbose=1" \
..
make -j4
clang-tidy:
timeout-minutes: 60
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
continue-on-error: true
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Compile tests
working-directory: build
env:
CXX: clang++
run: |
cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_BENCHMARK=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_LIB=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_SNAPSHOT=ON \
-DENTT_BUILD_TOOLS=ON \
-DENTT_USE_CLANG_TIDY=ON \
..
make -j4

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lib/All/entt/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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# Conan
conan/test_package/build
# IDEs
*.user
.idea
.vscode
.vs
CMakeSettings.json
cpp.hint
# Bazel
/bazel-*
/test/bazel-*
/user.bazelrc
*.bazel.lock

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lib/All/entt/AUTHORS Normal file
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# Author
skypjack
# Contributors
alexames
BenediktConze
bjadamson
ceeac
ColinH
corystegel
Croydon
cschreib
cugone
dbacchet
dBagrat
djarek
DNKpp
DonKult
drglove
eliasdaler
erez-o
eugeneko
gale83
ghost
grdowns
Green-Sky
Innokentiy-Alaytsev
Kerndog73
Koward
Lawrencemm
markand
mhammerc
Milerius
Minimonium
morbo84
m-waka
netpoetica
NixAJ
Oortonaut
Paolo-Oliverio
pgruenbacher
prowolf
Qix-
stefanofiorentino
suVrik
szunhammer
The5-1
vblanco20-1
willtunnels
WizardIke
WoLfulus
w1th0utnam3
xissburg
zaucy

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lib/All/entt/BUILD.bazel Normal file
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package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
alias(
name = "entt",
actual = "//src:entt",
)

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lib/All/entt/CMakeLists.txt Normal file
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# EnTT
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.7)
# Read project version
set(ENTT_VERSION_REGEX "#define ENTT_VERSION_.*[ \t]+(.+)")
file(STRINGS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/config/version.h" ENTT_VERSION REGEX ${ENTT_VERSION_REGEX})
list(TRANSFORM ENTT_VERSION REPLACE ${ENTT_VERSION_REGEX} "\\1")
string(JOIN "." ENTT_VERSION ${ENTT_VERSION})
# Project configuration
project(
EnTT
VERSION ${ENTT_VERSION}
DESCRIPTION "Gaming meets modern C++ - a fast and reliable entity-component system (ECS) and much more"
HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/skypjack/entt"
LANGUAGES C CXX
)
if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)
endif()
message(VERBOSE "*")
message(VERBOSE "* ${PROJECT_NAME} v${PROJECT_VERSION} (${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})")
message(VERBOSE "* Copyright (c) 2017-2025 Michele Caini <michele.caini@gmail.com>")
message(VERBOSE "*")
# CMake stuff
list(INSERT CMAKE_MODULE_PATH 0 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/modules)
# Compiler stuff
option(ENTT_USE_LIBCPP "Use libc++ by adding -stdlib=libc++ flag if available." OFF)
option(ENTT_USE_SANITIZER "Enable sanitizers by adding -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=undefined flags if available." OFF)
option(ENTT_USE_CLANG_TIDY "Enable static analysis with clang-tidy" OFF)
if(ENTT_USE_LIBCPP)
if(NOT WIN32)
include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
include(CMakePushCheckState)
cmake_push_check_state()
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} -stdlib=libc++")
check_cxx_source_compiles("
#include<type_traits>
int main() { return std::is_same_v<int, char>; }
" ENTT_HAS_LIBCPP)
cmake_pop_check_state()
endif()
if(NOT ENTT_HAS_LIBCPP)
message(VERBOSE "The option ENTT_USE_LIBCPP is set but libc++ is not available.")
endif()
endif()
if(ENTT_USE_SANITIZER)
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang|GNU")
set(ENTT_HAS_SANITIZER TRUE CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
mark_as_advanced(ENTT_HAS_SANITIZER)
endif()
if(NOT ENTT_HAS_SANITIZER)
message(VERBOSE "The option ENTT_USE_SANITIZER is set but sanitizer support is not available.")
endif()
endif()
if(ENTT_USE_CLANG_TIDY)
find_program(ENTT_CLANG_TIDY_EXECUTABLE "clang-tidy")
if(NOT ENTT_CLANG_TIDY_EXECUTABLE)
message(VERBOSE "The option ENTT_USE_CLANG_TIDY is set but clang-tidy executable is not available.")
endif()
endif()
# Add EnTT target
include(GNUInstallDirs)
add_library(EnTT INTERFACE)
add_library(EnTT::EnTT ALIAS EnTT)
target_include_directories(
EnTT
INTERFACE
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>
$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
)
target_compile_features(EnTT INTERFACE cxx_std_17)
if(ENTT_HAS_LIBCPP)
target_compile_options(EnTT BEFORE INTERFACE -stdlib=libc++)
endif()
if(ENTT_HAS_SANITIZER)
target_compile_options(EnTT INTERFACE $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=undefined>)
target_link_libraries(EnTT INTERFACE $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=undefined>)
endif()
if(ENTT_CLANG_TIDY_EXECUTABLE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_CLANG_TIDY "${ENTT_CLANG_TIDY_EXECUTABLE};--config-file=${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/.clang-tidy;--header-filter=${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/.*")
endif()
# Add EnTT goodies
option(ENTT_INCLUDE_HEADERS "Add all EnTT headers to the EnTT target." OFF)
option(ENTT_INCLUDE_NATVIS "Add EnTT natvis files to the EnTT target." OFF)
if(ENTT_INCLUDE_NATVIS)
if(MSVC)
set(ENTT_HAS_NATVIS TRUE CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
mark_as_advanced(ENTT_HAS_NATVIS)
endif()
if(NOT ENTT_HAS_NATVIS)
message(VERBOSE "The option ENTT_INCLUDE_NATVIS is set but natvis files are not supported. They will not be added to the target.")
endif()
endif()
if(ENTT_INCLUDE_HEADERS)
target_sources(
EnTT
INTERFACE
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/config/config.h>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/config/macro.h>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/config/version.h>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/container/dense_map.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/container/dense_set.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/container/table.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/container/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/algorithm.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/any.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/attribute.h>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/bit.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/compressed_pair.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/enum.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/family.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/hashed_string.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/ident.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/iterator.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/memory.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/monostate.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/ranges.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/tuple.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/type_info.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/type_traits.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/core/utility.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/component.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/entity.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/group.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/handle.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/mixin.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/helper.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/organizer.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/ranges.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/registry.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/runtime_view.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/snapshot.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/sparse_set.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/storage.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entity/view.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/graph/adjacency_matrix.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/graph/dot.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/graph/flow.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/graph/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/locator/locator.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/adl_pointer.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/container.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/context.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/factory.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/meta.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/node.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/pointer.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/policy.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/range.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/resolve.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/template.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/type_traits.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/meta/utility.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/poly/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/poly/poly.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/process/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/process/process.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/process/scheduler.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/resource/cache.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/resource/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/resource/loader.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/resource/resource.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/signal/delegate.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/signal/dispatcher.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/signal/emitter.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/signal/fwd.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/signal/sigh.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/entt.hpp>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/entt/fwd.hpp>
)
endif()
if(ENTT_HAS_NATVIS)
target_sources(
EnTT
INTERFACE
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/config.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/container.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/core.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/entity.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/graph.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/locator.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/meta.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/poly.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/process.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/resource.natvis>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/natvis/entt/signal.natvis>
)
endif()
# Install EnTT and all related files
option(ENTT_INSTALL "Install EnTT and all related files." OFF)
if(ENTT_INSTALL)
# Install pkg-config file
include(JoinPaths)
set(EnTT_PKGCONFIG ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/entt.pc)
join_paths(EnTT_PKGCONFIG_INCLUDEDIR "\${prefix}" "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}")
configure_file(
${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/in/entt.pc.in
${EnTT_PKGCONFIG}
@ONLY
)
install(
FILES ${EnTT_PKGCONFIG}
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig
)
# Install EnTT
include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
install(
TARGETS EnTT
EXPORT EnTTTargets
ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
)
write_basic_package_version_file(
EnTTConfigVersion.cmake
VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
COMPATIBILITY AnyNewerVersion
)
configure_package_config_file(
${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/in/EnTTConfig.cmake.in
EnTTConfig.cmake
INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/EnTT/cmake
)
export(
EXPORT EnTTTargets
FILE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/EnTTTargets.cmake
NAMESPACE EnTT::
)
install(
EXPORT EnTTTargets
FILE EnTTTargets.cmake
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/EnTT/cmake
NAMESPACE EnTT::
)
install(
FILES
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/EnTTConfig.cmake
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/EnTTConfigVersion.cmake
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/EnTT/cmake
)
install(
DIRECTORY src/
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}
FILES_MATCHING
PATTERN "*.h"
PATTERN "*.hpp"
)
export(PACKAGE EnTT)
endif()
# Tests
option(ENTT_BUILD_TESTING "Enable building tests." OFF)
if(ENTT_BUILD_TESTING)
option(ENTT_FIND_GTEST_PACKAGE "Enable finding gtest package." OFF)
option(ENTT_BUILD_BENCHMARK "Build benchmark." OFF)
option(ENTT_BUILD_EXAMPLE "Build examples." OFF)
option(ENTT_BUILD_LIB "Build lib tests." OFF)
option(ENTT_BUILD_SNAPSHOT "Build snapshot test with Cereal." OFF)
set(ENTT_ID_TYPE std::uint32_t CACHE STRING "Type of identifiers to use for the tests")
set(ENTT_CXX_STD cxx_std_17 CACHE STRING "C++ standard revision to use for the tests")
include(CTest)
enable_testing()
add_subdirectory(test)
endif()
# Documentation
option(ENTT_BUILD_DOCS "Enable building with documentation." OFF)
if(ENTT_BUILD_DOCS)
add_subdirectory(docs)
endif()

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
# Contributing
First of all, thank you very much for taking the time to contribute to the
`EnTT` library.<br/>
How to do it mostly depends on the type of contribution:
* If you have a question, **please** ensure there isn't already an answer for
you by searching on GitHub under
[issues](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues). Do not forget to search
also through the closed ones. If you are unable to find a proper answer, feel
free to [open a new issue](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues/new).
Usually, questions are marked as such and closed in a few days.
* If you want to fix a typo in the inline documentation or in the README file,
if you want to add some new sections or if you want to help me with the
language by reviewing what I wrote so far (I'm not a native speaker after
all), **please** open a new
[pull request](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/pulls) with your changes.
* If you found a bug, **please** ensure there isn't already an answer for you by
searching on GitHub under [issues](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues).
If you are unable to find an open issue addressing the problem, feel free to
[open a new one](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues/new). **Please**, do
not forget to carefully describe how to reproduce the problem, then add all
the information about the system on which you are experiencing it and point
out the version of `EnTT` you are using (tag or commit).
* If you found a bug and you wrote a patch to fix it, open a new
[pull request](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/pulls) with your code.
**Please**, add some tests to avoid regressions in future if possible, it
would be really appreciated. Note that the `EnTT` library has a
[coverage at 100%](https://coveralls.io/github/skypjack/entt?branch=master)
(at least it was at 100% at the time I wrote this file) and this is the reason
for which you can be confident with using it in a production environment.
* If you want to propose a new feature and you know how to code it, **please**
do not issue directly a pull request. Before to do it,
[create a new issue](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues/new) to discuss
your proposal. Other users could be interested in your idea and the discussion
that will follow can refine it and therefore give us a better solution.
* If you want to request a new feature, I'm available for hiring. Take a look at
[my profile](https://github.com/skypjack) and feel free to write me.

21
lib/All/entt/LICENSE Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2017-2025 Michele Caini, author of EnTT
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copy of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copy or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
module(name = "entt")
bazel_dep(name = "rules_cc", version = "0.0.8")
bazel_dep(name = "bazel_skylib", version = "1.4.2")

414
lib/All/entt/README.md Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
![EnTT: Gaming meets modern C++](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1812216/103550016-90752280-4ea8-11eb-8667-12ed2219e137.png)
[![Build Status](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/actions)
[![Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/skypjack/entt/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/skypjack/entt)
[![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-brightgreen)](https://godbolt.org/z/zxW73f)
[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-doxygen-blue)](https://skypjack.github.io/entt/)
[![Vcpkg port](https://img.shields.io/vcpkg/v/entt)](https://vcpkg.link/ports/entt)
[![Conan Center](https://img.shields.io/conan/v/entt)](https://conan.io/center/recipes/entt)
[![Gitter chat](https://badges.gitter.im/skypjack/entt.png)](https://gitter.im/skypjack/entt)
[![Discord channel](https://img.shields.io/discord/707607951396962417?logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/5BjPWBd)
> `EnTT` has been a dream so far, we haven't found a single bug to date and it's
> super easy to work with
>
> -- Every EnTT User Ever
`EnTT` is a header-only, tiny and easy to use library for game programming and
much more written in **modern C++**.<br/>
[Among others](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/wiki/EnTT-in-Action), it's used
in [**Minecraft**](https://minecraft.net/en-us/attribution/) by Mojang, the
[**ArcGIS Runtime SDKs**](https://developers.arcgis.com/arcgis-runtime/) by Esri
and the amazing [**Ragdoll**](https://ragdolldynamics.com/).<br/>
If you don't see your project in the list, please open an issue, submit a PR or
add the [\#entt](https://github.com/topics/entt) tag to your _topics_! :+1:
---
Do you want to **keep up with changes** or do you have a **question** that
doesn't require you to open an issue?<br/>
Join the [gitter channel](https://gitter.im/skypjack/entt) and the
[discord server](https://discord.gg/5BjPWBd), meet other users like you. The
more we are, the better for everyone.<br/>
Don't forget to check the
[FAQs](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/wiki/Frequently-Asked-Questions) and the
[wiki](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/wiki) too. Your answers may already be
there.
Do you want to support `EnTT`? Consider becoming a
[**sponsor**](https://github.com/users/skypjack/sponsorship) or making a
donation via [**PayPal**](https://www.paypal.me/skypjack).<br/>
Many thanks to [these people](https://skypjack.github.io/sponsorship/) and
**special** thanks to:
[![mojang](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1812216/106253145-67ca1980-6217-11eb-9c0b-d93561b37098.png)](https://mojang.com)
[![imgly](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1812216/106253726-271ed000-6218-11eb-98e0-c9c681925770.png)](https://img.ly/)
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Code Example](#code-example)
* [Motivation](#motivation)
* [Benchmark](#benchmark)
* [Integration](#integration)
* [Requirements](#requirements)
* [CMake](#cmake)
* [Natvis support](#natvis-support)
* [Packaging Tools](#packaging-tools)
* [pkg-config](#pkg-config)
* [Documentation](#documentation)
* [Tests](#tests)
* [EnTT in Action](#entt-in-action)
* [Contributors](#contributors)
* [License](#license)
# Introduction
The entity-component-system (also known as _ECS_) is an architectural pattern
used mostly in game development. For further details:
* [Entity Systems Wiki](http://entity-systems.wikidot.com/)
* [Evolve Your Hierarchy](http://cowboyprogramming.com/2007/01/05/evolve-your-heirachy/)
* [ECS on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity%E2%80%93component%E2%80%93system)
This project started off as a pure entity-component system. Over time the
codebase has grown as more and more classes and functionalities were added.<br/>
Here is a brief, yet incomplete list of what it offers today:
* Built-in **RTTI system** mostly similar to the standard one.
* A `constexpr` utility for human-readable **resource names**.
* Minimal **configuration system** built using the monostate pattern.
* Incredibly fast **entity-component system** with its own _pay for what you
use_ policy, unconstrained component types with optional pointer stability and
hooks for storage customization.
* Views and groups to iterate entities and components and allow different access
patterns, from **perfect SoA** to fully random.
* A lot of **facilities** built on top of the entity-component system to help
the users and avoid reinventing the wheel.
* General purpose **execution graph builder** for optimal scheduling.
* The smallest and most basic implementation of a **service locator** ever seen.
* A built-in, non-intrusive and macro-free runtime **reflection system**.
* **Static polymorphism** made simple and within everyone's reach.
* A few homemade containers, like a sparse set based **hash map**.
* A **cooperative scheduler** for processes of any type.
* All that is needed for **resource management** (cache, loaders, handles).
* Delegates, **signal handlers** and a tiny event dispatcher.
* A general purpose **event emitter** as a CRTP idiom based class template.
* And **much more**! Check out the
[**wiki**](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/wiki).
Consider this list a work in progress as well as the project. The whole API is
fully documented in-code for those who are brave enough to read it.<br/>
Please, do note that all tools are also DLL-friendly now and run smoothly across
boundaries.
One thing known to most is that `EnTT` is also used in **Minecraft**.<br/>
Given that the game is available literally everywhere, I can confidently say
that the library has been sufficiently tested on every platform that can come to
mind.
## Code Example
```cpp
#include <entt/entt.hpp>
struct position {
float x;
float y;
};
struct velocity {
float dx;
float dy;
};
void update(entt::registry &registry) {
auto view = registry.view<const position, velocity>();
// use a callback
view.each([](const auto &pos, auto &vel) { /* ... */ });
// use an extended callback
view.each([](const auto entity, const auto &pos, auto &vel) { /* ... */ });
// use a range-for
for(auto [entity, pos, vel]: view.each()) {
// ...
}
// use forward iterators and get only the components of interest
for(auto entity: view) {
auto &vel = view.get<velocity>(entity);
// ...
}
}
int main() {
entt::registry registry;
for(auto i = 0u; i < 10u; ++i) {
const auto entity = registry.create();
registry.emplace<position>(entity, i * 1.f, i * 1.f);
if(i % 2 == 0) { registry.emplace<velocity>(entity, i * .1f, i * .1f); }
}
update(registry);
}
```
## Motivation
I started developing `EnTT` for the _wrong_ reason: my goal was to design an
entity-component system to beat another well known open source library both in
terms of performance and possibly memory usage.<br/>
In the end, I did it, but it wasn't very satisfying. Actually it wasn't
satisfying at all. The fastest and nothing more, fairly little indeed. When I
realized it, I tried hard to keep intact the great performance of `EnTT` and to
add all the features I wanted to see in *my own library* at the same time.
Nowadays, `EnTT` is finally what I was looking for: still faster than its
_competitors_, lower memory usage in the average case, a really good API and an
amazing set of features. And even more, of course.
## Benchmark
For what it's worth, you'll **never** see me trying to make other projects look
bad or offer dubious comparisons just to make this library seem cooler.<br/>
I leave this activity to others, if they enjoy it (and it seems that some people
actually like it). I prefer to make better use of my time.
If you are interested, you can compile the `benchmark` test in release mode (to
enable compiler optimizations, otherwise it would make little sense) by setting
the `ENTT_BUILD_BENCHMARK` option of `CMake` to `ON`, then evaluate yourself
whether you're satisfied with the results or not.
There are also a lot of projects out there that use `EnTT` as a basis for
comparison (this should already tell you a lot). Many of these benchmarks are
completely wrong, many others are simply incomplete, good at omitting some
information and using the wrong function to compare a given feature. Certainly
there are also good ones but they age quickly if nobody updates them, especially
when the library they are dealing with is actively developed.<br/>
Out of all of them, [this](https://github.com/abeimler/ecs_benchmark) seems like
the most up-to-date project and also covers a certain number of libraries. I
can't say exactly whether `EnTT` is used correctly or not. However, even if used
poorly, it should still give the reader an idea of where it's going to operate.
# Integration
`EnTT` is a header-only library. This means that including the `entt.hpp` header
is enough to include the library as a whole and use it. For those who are
interested only in the entity-component system, consider to include the sole
`entity/registry.hpp` header instead.<br/>
It's a matter of adding the following line to the top of a file:
```cpp
#include <entt/entt.hpp>
```
Use the line below to include only the entity-component system instead:
```cpp
#include <entt/entity/registry.hpp>
```
Then pass the proper `-I` argument to the compiler to add the `src` directory to
the include paths.
## Requirements
To be able to use `EnTT`, users must provide a full-featured compiler that
supports at least C++17.<br/>
The requirements below are mandatory to compile the tests and to extract the
documentation:
* `CMake` version 3.7 or later.
* `Doxygen` version 1.8 or later.
Alternatively, [Bazel](https://bazel.build) is also supported as a build system
(credits to [zaucy](https://github.com/zaucy) who offered to maintain it).<br/>
In the documentation below I'll still refer to `CMake`, this being the official
build system of the library.
## CMake
To use `EnTT` from a `CMake` project, just link an existing target to the
`EnTT::EnTT` alias.<br/>
The library offers everything you need for locating (as in `find_package`),
embedding (as in `add_subdirectory`), fetching (as in `FetchContent`) or using
it in many of the ways that you can think of and that involve `CMake`.<br/>
Covering all possible cases would require a treatise and not a simple README
file, but I'm confident that anyone reading this section also knows what it's
about and can use `EnTT` from a `CMake` project without problems.
## Natvis support
When using `CMake`, just enable the option `ENTT_INCLUDE_NATVIS` and enjoy
it.<br/>
Otherwise, most of the tools are covered via Natvis and all files can be found
in the `natvis` directory, divided by module.<br/>
If you spot errors or have suggestions, any contribution is welcome!
## Packaging Tools
`EnTT` is available for some of the most known packaging tools. In particular:
* [`Conan`](https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index), the C/C++ Package
Manager for Developers.
* [`vcpkg`](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg), Microsoft VC++ Packaging
Tool.<br/>
You can download and install `EnTT` in just a few simple steps:
```
$ git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
$ cd vcpkg
$ ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
$ ./vcpkg integrate install
$ vcpkg install entt
```
Or you can use the `experimental` feature to test the latest changes:
```
vcpkg install entt[experimental] --head
```
The `EnTT` port in `vcpkg` is kept up to date by Microsoft team members and
community contributors.<br/>
If the version is out of date, please
[create an issue or pull request](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) on the
`vcpkg` repository.
* [`Homebrew`](https://github.com/skypjack/homebrew-entt), the missing package
manager for macOS.<br/>
Available as a homebrew formula. Just type the following to install it:
```
brew install skypjack/entt/entt
```
* [`build2`](https://build2.org), build toolchain for developing and packaging C
and C++ code.<br/>
In order to use the [`entt`](https://cppget.org/entt) package in a `build2`
project, add the following line or a similar one to the `manifest` file:
```
depends: entt ^3.0.0
```
Also check that the configuration refers to a valid repository, so that the
package can be found by `build2`:
* [`cppget.org`](https://cppget.org), the open-source community central
repository, accessible as `https://pkg.cppget.org/1/stable`.
* [Package source repository](https://github.com/build2-packaging/entt):
accessible as either `https://github.com/build2-packaging/entt.git` or
`ssh://git@github.com/build2-packaging/entt.git`.
Feel free to [report issues](https://github.com/build2-packaging/entt) with
this package.
Both can be used with `bpkg add-repo` or added in a project
`repositories.manifest`. See the official
[documentation](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml#guide-repositories)
for more details.
* [`bzlmod`](https://bazel.build/external/overview#bzlmod), Bazel's external
dependency management system.<br/>
To use the [`entt`](https://registry.bazel.build/modules/entt) module in a
`bazel` project, add the following to your `MODULE.bazel` file:
```starlark
bazel_dep(name = "entt", version = "3.12.2")
```
EnTT will now be available as `@entt` (short for `@entt//:entt`) to be used
in your `cc_*` rule `deps`.
Consider this list a work in progress and help me to make it longer if you like.
## pkg-config
`EnTT` also supports `pkg-config` (for some definition of _supports_ at least).
A suitable file called `entt.pc` is generated and installed in a proper
directory when running `CMake`.<br/>
This should also make it easier to use with tools such as `Meson` or similar.
# Documentation
The documentation is based on [doxygen](http://www.doxygen.nl/). To build it:
$ cd build
$ cmake .. -DENTT_BUILD_DOCS=ON
$ make
The API reference is created in HTML format in the `build/docs/html` directory.
To navigate it with your favorite browser:
$ cd build
$ your_favorite_browser docs/html/index.html
The same version is also available [online](https://skypjack.github.io/entt/)
for the latest release, that is the last stable tag.<br/>
Moreover, there exists a [wiki](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/wiki) dedicated
to the project where users can find all related documentation pages.
# Tests
To compile and run the tests, `EnTT` requires *googletest*.<br/>
`cmake` downloads and compiles the library before compiling anything else. In
order to build the tests, set the `CMake` option `ENTT_BUILD_TESTING` to `ON`.
To build the most basic set of tests:
* `$ cd build`
* `$ cmake -DENTT_BUILD_TESTING=ON ..`
* `$ make`
* `$ make test`
Note that benchmarks are not part of this set.
# EnTT in Action
`EnTT` is widely used in private and commercial applications. I cannot even
mention most of them because of some signatures I put on some documents time
ago. Fortunately, there are also people who took the time to implement open
source projects based on `EnTT` and did not hold back when it came to
documenting them.
[Here](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/wiki/EnTT-in-Action) you can find an
incomplete list of games, applications and articles that can be used as a
reference.
If you know of other resources out there that are about `EnTT`, feel free to
open an issue or a PR and I'll be glad to add them to the list.
# Contributors
Requests for features, PRs, suggestions and feedback are highly appreciated.
If you find you can help and want to contribute to the project with your
experience or you do want to get part of the project for some other reason, feel
free to contact me directly (you can find the mail in the
[profile](https://github.com/skypjack)).<br/>
I can't promise that each and every contribution will be accepted, but I can
assure that I'll do my best to take them all as soon as possible.
If you decide to participate, please see the guidelines for
[contributing](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
before to create issues or pull requests.<br/>
Take also a look at the
[contributors list](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/blob/master/AUTHORS) to
know who has participated so far.
# License
Code and documentation Copyright (c) 2017-2025 Michele Caini.<br/>
Colorful logo Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Richard Caseres.
Code released under
[the MIT license](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/blob/master/LICENSE).<br/>
Documentation released under
[CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).<br/>
All logos released under
[CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

37
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EXAMPLES
* filter on runtime values/variables (not only types)
* support to polymorphic types (see #859)
DOC:
* custom storage/view
* update entity doc when the storage based model is in place
* in-place O(1) release/destroy for non-orphaned entities, out-of-sync model
* view: single vs multi type views are no longer a thing actually
* bump entities, reserved bits on identifiers
TODO:
* review all NOLINT
* bring nested groups back in place (see bd34e7f)
* work stealing job system (see #100) + mt scheduler based on const awareness for types
* view: reduce inst due to/improve perf with index-based approach in dispatch_get/pick_and_each/each (single type too, define storage ::at and ::at_as_tuple)
* view: update natvis as needed after the last rework, merge pools/filter in the same array, drop check (?) and turn view into a position
* view: type-only view_iterator (dyn get/excl sizes), type-only basic_common_view (dyn get/excl sizes with pointer to array from derived)
* combine version-mask-vs-version-bits tricks with reserved bits to allow things like enabling/disabling
* self contained entity traits to avoid explicit specializations (ie enum constants)
* auto type info data from types if present
* test: push sharing types further
* storage entity: fast range-push from above
* table: pop back to support swap and pop, single column access, empty type optimization
* review cmake warning about FetchContent_Populate (need .28 and EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL for FetchContent)
* suppress -Wself-move on CI with g++13
* view specializations for multi, single and filtered elements
* don't pass reactive storage by default to callback
* runtime types support for meta for types that aren't backed by C++ types
* built-in no-pagination storage - no_pagination page size as limits::max
* any cdynamic to support const ownership construction
* allow passing arguments to meta setter/getter (we can fallback on meta invoke probably)
* FetchContent_Populate -> FetchContent_MakeAvailable warnings
* doc: IMPLICIT_DIR_DOCS for dir docs or \dir
* meta non-const allow_cast overloads: (const int &) to (int &) is not allowed, but (const int &) to (double &) is allowed (support only for convertibles)
* improve non-const allow cast with in-place switch
* meta fixed_size could return the size directly if present

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# SEE MODULE.bazel

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@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
load("@bazel_skylib//lib:selects.bzl", "selects")
COPTS = selects.with_or({
("//conditions:default", "@rules_cc//cc/compiler:clang", "@rules_cc//cc/compiler:gcc", "@rules_cc//cc/compiler:mingw-gcc"): [
"-std=c++17",
"-w",
],
("@rules_cc//cc/compiler:msvc-cl", "@rules_cc//cc/compiler:clang-cl"): [
"/std:c++17",
"/permissive-",
"/w",
],
})

2
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*
!.gitignore

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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
@PACKAGE_INIT@
set(EnTT_VERSION "@PROJECT_VERSION@")
include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/EnTTTargets.cmake")
check_required_components("@PROJECT_NAME@")

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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
includedir=@EnTT_PKGCONFIG_INCLUDEDIR@
Name: EnTT
Description: Gaming meets modern C++
Url: https://github.com/skypjack/entt
Version: @ENTT_VERSION@
Cflags: -I${includedir}

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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
# This module provides function for joining paths
# known from most languages
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: (MIT OR CC0-1.0)
# Copyright 2020 Jan Tojnar
# https://github.com/jtojnar/cmake-snips
#
# Modelled after Pythons os.path.join
# https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/os.path.html#os.path.join
# Windows not supported
function(join_paths joined_path first_path_segment)
set(temp_path "${first_path_segment}")
foreach(current_segment IN LISTS ARGN)
if(NOT ("${current_segment}" STREQUAL ""))
if(IS_ABSOLUTE "${current_segment}")
set(temp_path "${current_segment}")
else()
set(temp_path "${temp_path}/${current_segment}")
endif()
endif()
endforeach()
set(${joined_path} "${temp_path}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from cpt.packager import ConanMultiPackager
import os
if __name__ == "__main__":
username = os.getenv("GITHUB_ACTOR")
tag_version = os.getenv("GITHUB_REF")
tag_package = os.getenv("GITHUB_REPOSITORY")
login_username = os.getenv("CONAN_LOGIN_USERNAME")
package_version = tag_version.replace("refs/tags/v", "")
package_name = tag_package.replace("skypjack/", "")
reference = "{}/{}".format(package_name, package_version)
channel = os.getenv("CONAN_CHANNEL", "stable")
upload = os.getenv("CONAN_UPLOAD")
stable_branch_pattern = os.getenv("CONAN_STABLE_BRANCH_PATTERN", r"v\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*")
test_folder = os.getenv("CPT_TEST_FOLDER", os.path.join("conan", "test_package"))
upload_only_when_stable = os.getenv("CONAN_UPLOAD_ONLY_WHEN_STABLE", True)
disable_shared = os.getenv("CONAN_DISABLE_SHARED_BUILD", "False")
builder = ConanMultiPackager(username=username,
reference=reference,
channel=channel,
login_username=login_username,
upload=upload,
stable_branch_pattern=stable_branch_pattern,
upload_only_when_stable=upload_only_when_stable,
test_folder=test_folder)
builder.add()
filtered_builds = []
for settings, options, env_vars, build_requires, reference in builder.items:
if disable_shared == "False" or not options["{}:shared".format(package_name)]:
filtered_builds.append([settings, options, env_vars, build_requires])
builder.builds = filtered_builds
builder.run()

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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash
set -e
set -x
conan user
python conan/build.py

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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#!/bin/bash
set -e
set -x
pip install -U conan_package_tools conan

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@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.7.2)
project(test_package)
set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE TRUE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
include(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/conanbuildinfo.cmake)
conan_basic_setup()
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} test_package.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CONAN_LIBS})

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@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from conans import ConanFile, CMake
import os
class TestPackageConan(ConanFile):
settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
generators = "cmake"
def build(self):
cmake = CMake(self)
cmake.configure()
cmake.build()
def test(self):
bin_path = os.path.join("bin", "test_package")
self.run(bin_path, run_environment=True)

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@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
#include <entt/entt.hpp>
#include <cstdint>
struct position {
float x;
float y;
};
struct velocity {
float dx;
float dy;
};
void update(entt::registry &registry) {
auto view = registry.view<position, velocity>();
for(auto entity: view) {
// gets only the elements that are going to be used ...
auto &vel = view.get<velocity>(entity);
vel.dx = 0.;
vel.dy = 0.;
// ...
}
}
void update(std::uint64_t dt, entt::registry &registry) {
registry.view<position, velocity>().each([dt](auto &pos, auto &vel) {
// gets all the elements of the view at once ...
pos.x += vel.dx * dt;
pos.y += vel.dy * dt;
// ...
});
}
int main() {
entt::registry registry;
std::uint64_t dt = 16;
for(auto i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
auto entity = registry.create();
registry.emplace<position>(entity, i * 1.f, i * 1.f);
if(i % 2 == 0) { registry.emplace<velocity>(entity, i * .1f, i * .1f); }
}
update(dt, registry);
update(registry);
// ...
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from conans import ConanFile
class EnttConan(ConanFile):
name = "entt"
description = "Gaming meets modern C++ - a fast and reliable entity-component system (ECS) and much more "
topics = ("conan," "entt", "gaming", "entity", "ecs")
url = "https://github.com/skypjack/entt"
homepage = url
author = "Michele Caini <michele.caini@gmail.com>"
license = "MIT"
exports = ["LICENSE"]
exports_sources = ["src/*"]
no_copy_source = True
def package(self):
self.copy(pattern="LICENSE", dst="licenses")
self.copy(pattern="*", dst="include", src="src", keep_path=True)
def package_info(self):
if not self.in_local_cache:
self.cpp_info.includedirs = ["src"]
def package_id(self):
self.info.header_only()

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@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
# Doxygen configuration (documentation)
find_package(Doxygen 1.13)
if(DOXYGEN_FOUND)
include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(
doxygen-awesome-css
GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jothepro/doxygen-awesome-css
GIT_TAG main
GIT_SHALLOW 1
)
FetchContent_GetProperties(doxygen-awesome-css)
if(NOT doxygen-awesome-css_POPULATED)
FetchContent_Populate(doxygen-awesome-css)
set(doxygen-awesome-css_INCLUDE_DIR ${doxygen-awesome-css_SOURCE_DIR})
endif()
set(DOXY_SOURCE_DIRECTORY ${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
set(DOXY_CSS_DIRECTORY ${doxygen-awesome-css_INCLUDE_DIR})
set(DOXY_DOCS_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
set(DOXY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
configure_file(doxy.in doxy.cfg @ONLY)
add_custom_target(
docs ALL
COMMAND ${DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/doxy.cfg
WORKING_DIRECTORY ${EnTT_SOURCE_DIR}
VERBATIM
SOURCES
md/config.md
md/container.md
md/core.md
md/entity.md
md/faq.md
md/lib.md
md/links.md
md/locator.md
md/meta.md
md/poly.md
md/process.md
md/reference.md
md/resource.md
md/signal.md
md/unreal.md
doxy.in
)
if(ENTT_INSTALL)
install(
DIRECTORY ${DOXY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/html
DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME}-${PROJECT_VERSION}/
)
endif()
endif()

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# Crash Course: configuration
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Definitions](#definitions)
* [ENTT_NOEXCEPTION](#entt_noexception)
* [ENTT_USE_ATOMIC](#entt_use_atomic)
* [ENTT_ID_TYPE](#entt_id_type)
* [ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE](#entt_sparse_page)
* [ENTT_PACKED_PAGE](#entt_packed_page)
* [ENTT_ASSERT](#entt_assert)
* [ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR](#entt_assert_constexpr)
* [ENTT_DISABLE_ASSERT](#entt_disable_assert)
* [ENTT_NO_ETO](#entt_no_eto)
* [ENTT_STANDARD_CPP](#entt_standard_cpp)
# Introduction
`EnTT` has become almost completely customizable over time, in many
respects. These variables are just one of the many ways to customize how it
works.<br/>
In the vast majority of cases, users will have no interest in changing the
default parameters. For all other cases, the list of possible configurations
with which it is possible to adjust the behavior of the library at runtime can
be found below.
# Definitions
All options are intended as parameters to the compiler (or user-defined macros
within the compilation units, if preferred).<br/>
Each parameter can result in internal library definitions. It is not recommended
to try to also modify these definitions, since there is no guarantee that they
will remain stable over time unlike the options below.
## ENTT_NOEXCEPTION
Define this variable without assigning any value to it to turn off exception
handling in `EnTT`.<br/>
This is roughly equivalent to setting the compiler flag `-fno-exceptions` but is
also limited to this library only.
## ENTT_USE_ATOMIC
In general, `EnTT` does not offer primitives to support multi-threading. Many of
the features can be split over multiple threads without any explicit control and
the user is the one who knows if a synchronization point is required.<br/>
However, some features are not easily accessible to users and are made
thread-safe by means of this definition.
## ENTT_ID_TYPE
`entt::id_type` is directly controlled by this definition and widely used within
the library.<br/>
By default, its type is `std::uint32_t`. However, users can define a different
default type if necessary.
## ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE
It is known that the ECS module of `EnTT` is based on _sparse sets_. What is
less known perhaps is that the sparse arrays are paged to reduce memory
usage.<br/>
Default size of pages (that is, the number of elements they contain) is 4096 but
users can adjust it if appropriate. In all cases, the chosen value **must** be a
power of 2.
## ENTT_PACKED_PAGE
As it happens with sparse arrays, packed arrays are also paginated. However, in
this case the aim is not to reduce memory usage but to have pointer stability
upon component creation.<br/>
Default size of pages (that is, the number of elements they contain) is 1024 but
users can adjust it if appropriate. In all cases, the chosen value **must** be a
power of 2.
## ENTT_ASSERT
For performance reasons, `EnTT` does not use exceptions or any other control
structures. In fact, it offers many features that result in undefined behavior
if not used correctly.<br/>
To get around this, the library relies on a lot of asserts for the purpose of
detecting errors in debug builds. By default, it uses `assert` internally. Users
are allowed to overwrite its behavior by setting this variable.
### ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR
Usually, an assert within a `constexpr` function is not a big deal. However, in
case of extreme customizations, it might be useful to differentiate.<br/>
For this purpose, `EnTT` introduces an admittedly badly named variable to make
the job easier in this regard. By default, this variable forwards its arguments
to `ENTT_ASSERT`.
### ENTT_DISABLE_ASSERT
Assertions may in turn affect performance to an extent when enabled. Whether
`ENTT_ASSERT` and `ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR` are redefined or not, all asserts can
be disabled at once by means of this definition.<br/>
Note that `ENTT_DISABLE_ASSERT` takes precedence over the redefinition of the
other variables and is therefore meant to disable all controls no matter what.
## ENTT_NO_ETO
In order to reduce memory consumption and increase performance, empty types are
never instantiated nor stored by the ECS module of `EnTT`.<br/>
Use this variable to treat these types like all others and therefore to create a
dedicated storage for them.
## ENTT_STANDARD_CPP
`EnTT` mixes non-standard language features with others that are perfectly
compliant to offer some of its functionalities.<br/>
This definition prevents the library from using non-standard techniques, that
is, functionalities that are not fully compliant with the standard C++.<br/>
While there are no known portability issues at the time of this writing, this
should make the library fully portable anyway if needed.

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# Crash Course: containers
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Containers](#containers)
* [Dense map](#dense-map)
* [Dense set](#dense-set)
* [Adaptors](#adaptors)
* [Table](#table)
# Introduction
The standard C++ library offers a wide range of containers and adaptors already.
It is really difficult to do better (although it is very easy to do worse, as
many examples available online demonstrate).<br/>
`EnTT` does not try in any way to replace what is offered by the standard. Quite
the opposite, given the widespread use that is made of standard containers.<br/>
However, the library also tries to fill a gap in features and functionalities by
making available some containers and adaptors initially developed for internal
use.
This section of the library is likely to grow larger over time. However, for the
moment it is quite small and mainly aimed at satisfying some internal
needs.<br/>
For all containers and adaptors made available, full test coverage and stability
over time is guaranteed as usual.
# Containers
## Dense map
The dense map made available in `EnTT` is a hash map that aims to return a
packed array of elements, so as to reduce the number of jumps in memory during
iterations.<br/>
The implementation is based on _sparse sets_ and each bucket is identified by an
implicit list within the packed array itself.
The interface is very close to its counterpart in the standard library, that is,
the `std::unordered_map` class.<br/>
However, both local and non-local iterators returned by a dense map belong to
the input iterator category although they respectively model the concepts of a
_forward iterator_ type and a _random access iterator_ type.<br/>
This is because they return a pair of references rather than a reference to a
pair. In other words, dense maps return a so called _proxy iterator_ the value
type of which is:
* `std::pair<const Key &, Type &>` for non-const iterator types.
* `std::pair<const Key &, const Type &>` for const iterator types.
This is quite different from what any standard library map returns and should be
taken into account when looking for a drop-in replacement.
## Dense set
The dense set made available in `EnTT` is a hash set that aims to return a
packed array of elements, so as to reduce the number of jumps in memory during
iterations.<br/>
The implementation is based on _sparse sets_ and each bucket is identified by an
implicit list within the packed array itself.
The interface is in all respects similar to its counterpart in the standard
library, that is, the `std::unordered_set` class.<br/>
However, this type of set also supports reverse iteration and therefore offers
all the functions necessary for the purpose (such as `rbegin` and `rend`).
# Adaptors
## Table
The `basic_table` class is a container adaptor which manages multiple sequential
containers together, treating them as different columns of the same table.<br/>
The `table` alias allows users to provide only the types to handle, using
`std::vector` as the default sequential container.
Only a small set of functions is provided, although very close to what the API
of the `std::vector` class offers.<br/>
The internal implementation is purposely supported by a tuple of containers
rather than a container of tuples. The purpose is to allow efficient access to
single columns and not just access to the entire data set of the table.
When a row is accessed, all data is returned in the form of a tuple containing
(possibly const) references to the elements of the row itself.<br/>
Similarly, when a table is iterated, tuples of references to table elements are
returned for each row.

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# Crash Course: core functionalities
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Any as in any type](#any-as-in-any-type)
* [Small buffer optimization](#small-buffer-optimization)
* [Alignment requirement](#alignment-requirement)
* [Bit](#bit)
* [Compressed pair](#compressed-pair)
* [Enum as bitmask](#enum-as-bitmask)
* [Hashed strings](#hashed-strings)
* [Wide characters](#wide-characters)
* [Conflicts](#conflicts)
* [Iterators](#iterators)
* [Input iterator pointer](#input-iterator-pointer)
* [Iota iterator](#iota-iterator)
* [Iterable adaptor](#iterable-adaptor)
* [Memory](#memory)
* [Allocator aware unique pointers](#allocator-aware-unique-pointers)
* [Monostate](#monostate)
* [Type support](#type-support)
* [Built-in RTTI support](#built-in-rtti-support)
* [Type info](#type-info)
* [Almost unique identifiers](#almost-unique-identifiers)
* [Type traits](#type-traits)
* [Size of](#size-of)
* [Is applicable](#is-applicable)
* [Constness as](#constness-as)
* [Member class type](#member-class-type)
* [N-th argument](#n-th-argument)
* [Integral constant](#integral-constant)
* [Tag](#tag)
* [Type list and value list](#type-list-and-value-list)
* [Unique sequential identifiers](#unique-sequential-identifiers)
* [Compile-time generator](#compile-time-generator)
* [Runtime generator](#runtime-generator)
* [Utilities](#utilities)
# Introduction
`EnTT` comes with a bunch of core functionalities mostly used by the other parts
of the library.<br/>
Many of these tools are also useful in everyday work. Therefore, it is worth
describing them so as not to reinvent the wheel in case of need.
# Any as in any type
`EnTT` offers its own `any` type. It may seem redundant considering that C++17
introduced `std::any`, but it is not (hopefully).<br/>
First of all, the _type_ returned by an `std::any` is a const reference to an
`std::type_info`, an implementation defined class that is not something everyone
wants to see in a software. Furthermore, there is no way to bind it to the type
system of the library and therefore with its integrated RTTI support.
The `any` API is very similar to that of its most famous counterpart, mainly
because this class serves the same purpose of being an opaque container for any
type of value.<br/>
Instances also minimize the number of allocations by relying on a well known
technique called _small buffer optimization_ and a fake vtable.
Creating an object of the `any` type, whether empty or not, is trivial:
```cpp
// an empty container
entt::any empty{};
// a container for an int
entt::any any{0};
// in place type construction
entt::any in_place_type{std::in_place_type<int>, 42};
// take ownership of already existing, dynamically allocated objects
entt::any in_place{std::in_place, std::make_unique<int>(42).release()};
```
Alternatively, the `make_any` function serves the same purpose. It requires to
always be explicit about the type and does not support taking ownership:
```cpp
entt::any any = entt::make_any<int>(42);
```
In all cases, the `any` class takes the burden of destroying the contained
element when required, regardless of the storage strategy used for the specific
object.<br/>
Furthermore, an instance of `any` is not tied to an actual type. Therefore, the
wrapper is reconfigured when it is assigned a new object of a type other than
the one it contains.
There is also a way to directly assign a value to the variable contained by an
`entt::any`, without necessarily replacing it. This is especially useful when
the object is used in _aliasing mode_, as described below:
```cpp
entt::any any{42};
entt::any value{3};
// assigns by copy
any.assign(value);
// assigns by move
any.assign(std::move(value));
```
The `any` class performs a check on the type information and whether or not the
original type was copy or move assignable, as appropriate.<br/>
In all cases, the `assign` function returns a boolean value that is true in case
of success and false otherwise.
When in doubt about the type of object contained, the `type` member function
returns a const reference to the `type_info` associated with its element, or
`type_id<void>()` if the container is empty.<br/>
The type is also used internally when comparing two `any` objects:
```cpp
if(any == empty) { /* ... */ }
```
In this case, before proceeding with a comparison, it is verified that the
_type_ of the two objects is actually the same.<br/>
Refer to the `EnTT` type system documentation for more details about how
`type_info` works and the possible risks of a comparison.
A particularly interesting feature of this class is that it can also be used as
an opaque container for const and non-const references:
```cpp
int value = 42;
entt::any any{std::in_place_type<int &>(value)};
entt::any cany = entt::make_any<const int &>(value);
entt::any fwd = entt::forward_as_any(value);
any.emplace<const int &>(value);
```
In other words, whenever `any` is explicitly told to construct an _alias_, it
acts as a pointer to the original instance rather than making a copy of it or
moving it internally. The contained object is never destroyed, and users must
ensure that its lifetime exceeds that of the container.<br/>
Similarly, it is possible to create non-owning copies of `any` from an existing
object:
```cpp
// aliasing constructor
entt::any ref = other.as_ref();
```
In this case, it does not matter if the original container actually holds an
object or is as a reference for unmanaged elements already. The new instance
thus created does not create copies and only serves as a reference for the
original item.
It is worth mentioning that, while everything works transparently when it comes
to non-const references, there are some exceptions when it comes to const
references.<br/>
In particular, the `data` member function invoked on a non-const instance of
`any` that wraps a const reference returns a null pointer in all cases.
To cast an instance of `any` to a type, the library offers a set of `any_cast`
functions in all respects similar to their most famous counterparts.<br/>
The only difference is that, in the case of `EnTT`, they will not raise
exceptions but will only trigger an assert in debug mode, otherwise resulting in
undefined behavior in case of misuse in release mode.
## Small buffer optimization
The `any` class uses a technique called _small buffer optimization_ to reduce
the number of allocations where possible.<br/>
The default reserved size for an instance of `any` is `sizeof(double[2])`.
However, this is also configurable if needed. In fact, `any` is defined as an
alias for `basic_any<Len>`, where `Len` is the size above.<br/>
Users can easily set a custom size or define their own aliases:
```cpp
using my_any = entt::basic_any<sizeof(double[4])>;
```
This feature, in addition to allowing the choice of a size that best suits the
needs of an application, also offers the possibility of forcing dynamic creation
of objects during construction.<br/>
In other terms, if the size is 0, `any` suppresses the small buffer optimization
and always dynamically allocates objects (except for aliasing cases).
## Alignment requirement
The alignment requirement is optional and by default the most stringent (the
largest) for any object whose size is at most equal to the one provided.<br/>
It is provided as an optional second parameter following the desired size for
the internal storage:
```cpp
using my_any = entt::basic_any<sizeof(double[4]), alignof(double[4])>;
```
The `basic_any` class template inspects the alignment requirements in each case,
even when not provided and may decide not to use the small buffer optimization
in order to meet them.
# Bit
Finding out the population count of an unsigned integral value (`popcount`),
whether a number is a power of two or not (`has_single_bit`) as well as the next
power of two given a random value (`next_power_of_two`) can be useful.<br/>
For example, it helps to allocate memory in pages having a size suitable for the
fast modulus:
```cpp
const std::size_t result = entt::fast_mod(value, modulus);
```
Where `modulus` is necessarily a power of two. Perhaps not everyone knows that
this type of operation is far superior in terms of performance to the basic
modulus and for this reason preferred in many areas.
# Compressed pair
Primarily designed for internal use and far from being feature complete, the
`compressed_pair` class does exactly what it promises: it tries to reduce the
size of a pair by exploiting _Empty Base Class Optimization_ (or _EBCO_).<br/>
This class **is not** a drop-in replacement for `std::pair`. However, it offers
enough functionalities to be a good alternative for when reducing memory usage
is more important than having some cool and probably useless feature.
Although the API is very close to that of `std::pair` (apart from the fact that
the template parameters are inferred from the constructor and therefore there is
no `entt::make_compressed_pair`), the major difference is that `first` and
`second` are functions for implementation requirements:
```cpp
entt::compressed_pair pair{0, 3.};
pair.first() = 42;
```
There is not much to describe then. It is recommended to rely on documentation
and intuition. At the end of the day, it is just a pair and nothing more.
# Enum as bitmask
Sometimes it is useful to be able to use enums as bitmasks. However, enum
classes are not really suitable for the purpose. Main problem is that they do
not convert implicitly to their underlying type.<br/>
The choice is then between using old-fashioned enums (with all their problems
that I do not want to discuss here) or writing _ugly_ code.
Fortunately, there is also a third way: adding enough operators in the global
scope to treat enum classes as bitmasks transparently.<br/>
The ultimate goal is to write code like the following (or maybe something more
meaningful, but this should give a grasp and remain simple at the same time):
```cpp
enum class my_flag {
unknown = 0x01,
enabled = 0x02,
disabled = 0x04
};
const my_flag flags = my_flag::enabled;
const bool is_enabled = !!(flags & my_flag::enabled);
```
The problem with adding all operators to the global scope is that these come
into play even when not required, with the risk of introducing errors that are
difficult to deal with.<br/>
However, C++ offers enough tools to get around this problem. In particular, the
library requires users to register the enum classes for which bitmask support
should be enabled:
```cpp
template<>
struct entt::enum_as_bitmask<my_flag>
: std::true_type
{};
```
This is handy when dealing with enum classes defined by third party libraries
and over which the user has no control. However, it is also verbose and can be
avoided by adding a specific value to the enum class itself:
```cpp
enum class my_flag {
unknown = 0x01,
enabled = 0x02,
disabled = 0x04,
_entt_enum_as_bitmask
};
```
In this case, there is no need to specialize the `enum_as_bitmask` traits, since
`EnTT` automatically detects the flag and enables the bitmask support.<br/>
Once the enum class is registered (in one way or the other), the most common
operators such as `&`, `|` but also `&=` and `|=` are available for use.
Refer to the official documentation for the full list of operators.
# Hashed strings
Hashed strings are human-readable identifiers in the codebase that turn into
numeric values at runtime, thus without affecting performance.<br/>
The class has an implicit `constexpr` constructor that chews a bunch of
characters. Once created, one can get the original string by means of the `data`
member function or convert the instance into a number.<br/>
A hashed string is well suited wherever a constant expression is required. No
_string-to-number_ conversion will take place at runtime if used carefully.
Example of use:
```cpp
auto load(entt::hashed_string::hash_type resource) {
// uses the numeric representation of the resource to load and return it
}
auto resource = load(entt::hashed_string{"gui/background"});
```
There is also a _user defined literal_ dedicated to hashed strings to make them
more _user-friendly_:
```cpp
using namespace entt::literals;
constexpr auto str = "text"_hs;
```
User defined literals in `EnTT` are enclosed in the `entt::literals` namespace.
Therefore, the entire namespace or selectively the literal of interest must be
explicitly included before each use, a bit like `std::literals`.<br/>
The class also offers the necessary functionalities to create hashed strings at
runtime:
```cpp
std::string orig{"text"};
// create a full-featured hashed string...
entt::hashed_string str{orig.c_str()};
// ... or compute only the unique identifier
const auto hash = entt::hashed_string::value(orig.c_str());
```
This possibility should not be exploited in tight loops, since the computation
takes place at runtime and no longer at compile-time. It could therefore affect
performance to some degrees.
## Wide characters
The `hashed_string` class is an alias for `basic_hashed_string<char>`. To use
the C++ type for wide character representations, there exists also the alias
`hashed_wstring` for `basic_hashed_string<wchar_t>`.<br/>
In this case, the user defined literal to use to create hashed strings on the
fly is `_hws`:
```cpp
constexpr auto str = L"text"_hws;
```
The hash type of `hashed_wstring` is the same as its counterpart.
## Conflicts
The hashed string class uses FNV-1a internally to hash strings. Because of the
_pigeonhole principle_, conflicts are possible. This is a fact.<br/>
There is no silver bullet to solve the problem of conflicts when dealing with
hashing functions. In this case, the best solution is likely to give up. That is
all.<br/>
After all, human-readable unique identifiers are not something strictly defined
and over which users have not the control. Choosing a slightly different
identifier is probably the best solution to make the conflict disappear in this
case.
# Iterators
Writing and working with iterators is not always easy. More often than not it
also leads to duplicated code.<br/>
`EnTT` tries to overcome this problem by offering some utilities designed to
make this hard work easier.
## Input iterator pointer
When writing an input iterator that returns in-place constructed values if
dereferenced, it is not always straightforward to figure out what `value_type`
is and how to make it behave like a full-fledged pointer.<br/>
Conversely, it would be very useful to have an `operator->` available on the
iterator itself that always works without too much complexity.
The input iterator pointer is meant for this. It is a small class that wraps the
in-place constructed value and adds some functions on top of it to make it
suitable for use with input iterators:
```cpp
struct iterator_type {
using value_type = std::pair<first_type, second_type>;
using pointer = input_iterator_pointer<value_type>;
using reference = value_type;
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
// ...
}
```
The library makes extensive use of this class internally. In many cases, the
`value_type` of the returned iterators is just an input iterator pointer.
## Iota iterator
Waiting for C++20, this iterator accepts an integral value and returns all
elements in a certain range:
```cpp
entt::iota_iterator first{0};
entt::iota_iterator last{100};
for(; first != last; ++first) {
int value = *first;
// ...
}
```
In the future, views will replace this class. Meanwhile, the library makes some
interesting uses of it when a range of integral values is to be returned to the
user.
## Iterable adaptor
Typically, a container class provides `begin` and `end` member functions (with
their const counterparts) for iteration.<br/>
However, it can happen that a class offers multiple iteration methods or allows
users to iterate different sets of _elements_.
The iterable adaptor is a utility class that makes it easier to use and access
data in this case.<br/>
It accepts a couple of iterators (or an iterator and a sentinel) and offers an
_iterable_ object with all the expected methods like `begin`, `end` and whatnot.
The library uses this class extensively.<br/>
Think for example of views, which can be iterated to access entities but also
offer a method for obtaining an iterable object that returns tuples of entities
and components at once.<br/>
Another example is the registry class which allows users to iterate its storage
by returning an iterable object for the purpose.
# Memory
There are a handful of tools within `EnTT` to interact with memory in one way or
another.<br/>
Some are geared towards simplifying the implementation of (internal or external)
allocator aware containers. Others are designed to help the developer with
everyday problems.
The former are very specific and for niche problems. These are tools designed to
unwrap fancy or plain pointers (`to_address`) or to help forget the meaning of
acronyms like _POCCA_, _POCMA_ or _POCS_.<br/>
I will not describe them here in detail. Instead, I recommend reading the inline
documentation to those interested in the subject.
## Allocator aware unique pointers
A nasty thing in C++ (at least up to C++20) is the fact that shared pointers
support allocators while unique pointers do not.<br/>
There is a proposal at the moment that also shows (among the other things) how
this can be implemented without any compiler support.
The `allocate_unique` function follows this proposal, making a virtue out of
necessity:
```cpp
std::unique_ptr<my_type, entt::allocation_deleter<my_type>> ptr = entt::allocate_unique<my_type>(allocator, arguments);
```
Although the internal implementation is slightly different from what is proposed
for the standard, this function offers an API that is a drop-in replacement for
the same feature.
# Monostate
The monostate pattern is often presented as an alternative to a singleton based
configuration system.<br/>
This is exactly its purpose in `EnTT`. Moreover, this implementation is thread
safe by design (hopefully).
Keys are integral values (easily obtained by hashed strings), values are basic
types like `int`s or `bool`s. Values of different types can be associated with
each key, even more than one at a time.<br/>
Because of this, one should pay attention to use the same type both during an
assignment and when trying to read back the data. Otherwise, there is the risk
to incur in unexpected results.
Example of use:
```cpp
entt::monostate<entt::hashed_string{"mykey"}>{} = true;
entt::monostate<"mykey"_hs>{} = 42;
// ...
const bool b = entt::monostate<"mykey"_hs>{};
const int i = entt::monostate<entt::hashed_string{"mykey"}>{};
```
# Type support
`EnTT` provides some basic information about types of all kinds.<br/>
It also offers additional features that are not yet available in the standard
library or that will never be.
## Built-in RTTI support
Runtime type identification support (or RTTI) is one of the most frequently
disabled features in the C++ world, especially in the gaming sector. Regardless
of the reasons for this, it is often a shame not to be able to rely on opaque
type information at runtime.<br/>
The library tries to fill this gap by offering a built-in system that does not
serve as a replacement but comes very close to being one and offers similar
information to that provided by its counterpart.
Basically, the whole system relies on a handful of classes. In particular:
* The unique sequential identifier associated with a given type:
```cpp
auto index = entt::type_index<a_type>::value();
```
The returned value is not guaranteed to be stable across different runs.<br/>
However, it can be very useful as index in associative and unordered
associative containers or for positional accesses in a vector or an array.
An external generator can also be used if needed. In fact, `type_index` can be
specialized by type and is also _sfinae-friendly_ in order to allow more
refined specializations such as:
```cpp
template<typename Type>
struct entt::type_index<Type, std::void_d<decltype(Type::index())>> {
static entt::id_type value() noexcept {
return Type::index();
}
};
```
Indexes **must** be sequentially generated in this case.<br/>
The tool is widely used within `EnTT`. Generating indices not sequentially
would break an assumption and would likely lead to undesired behaviors.
* The hash value associated with a given type:
```cpp
auto hash = entt::type_hash<a_type>::value();
```
In general, the `value` function exposed by `type_hash` is also `constexpr`
but this is not guaranteed for all compilers and platforms (although it is
valid with the most well-known and popular ones).
This function **can** use non-standard features of the language for its own
purposes. This makes it possible to provide compile-time identifiers that
remain stable across different runs.<br/>
Users can prevent the library from using these features by means of the
`ENTT_STANDARD_CPP` definition. In this case, there is no guarantee that
identifiers remain stable across executions. Moreover, they are generated
at runtime and are no longer a compile-time thing.
As it happens with `type_index`, also `type_hash` is a _sfinae-friendly_ class
that can be specialized in order to customize its behavior globally or on a
per-type or per-traits basis.
* The name associated with a given type:
```cpp
auto name = entt::type_name<a_type>::value();
```
This value is extracted from some information generally made available by the
compiler in use. Therefore, it may differ depending on the compiler and may be
empty in the event that this information is not available.<br/>
For example, given the following class:
```cpp
struct my_type { /* ... */ };
```
The name is `my_type` when compiled with GCC or CLang and `struct my_type`
when MSVC is in use.<br/>
Most of the time the name is also retrieved at compile-time and is therefore
always returned through an `std::string_view`. Users can easily access it and
modify it as needed, for example by removing the word `struct` to normalize
the result. `EnTT` does not do this for obvious reasons, since it would be
creating a new string at runtime otherwise.
This function **can** use non-standard features of the language for its own
purposes. Users can prevent the library from using these features by means of
the `ENTT_STANDARD_CPP` definition. In this case, the name is just empty.
As it happens with `type_index`, also `type_name` is a _sfinae-friendly_ class
that can be specialized in order to customize its behavior globally or on a
per-type or per-traits basis.
These are then combined into utilities that aim to offer an API that is somewhat
similar to that made available by the standard library.
### Type info
The `type_info` class is not a drop-in replacement for `std::type_info` but can
provide similar information which are not implementation defined and do not
require to enable RTTI.<br/>
Therefore, they can sometimes be even more reliable than those obtained
otherwise.
Its type defines an opaque class that is also copyable and movable.<br/>
Objects of this type are generally returned by the `type_id` functions:
```cpp
// by type
auto info = entt::type_id<a_type>();
// by value
auto other = entt::type_id(42);
```
All elements thus received are nothing more than const references to instances
of `type_info` with static storage duration.<br/>
This is convenient for saving the entire object aside for the cost of a pointer.
However, nothing prevents from constructing `type_info` objects directly:
```cpp
entt::type_info info{std::in_place_type<int>};
```
These are the information made available by `type_info`:
* The index associated with a given type:
```cpp
auto idx = entt::type_id<a_type>().index();
```
This is also an alias for the following:
```cpp
auto idx = entt::type_index<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<a_type>>>::value();
```
* The hash value associated with a given type:
```cpp
auto hash = entt::type_id<a_type>().hash();
```
This is also an alias for the following:
```cpp
auto hash = entt::type_hash<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<a_type>>>::value();
```
* The name associated with a given type:
```cpp
auto name = entt::type_id<my_type>().name();
```
This is also an alias for the following:
```cpp
auto name = entt::type_name<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<a_type>>>::value();
```
Where all accessed features are available at compile-time, the `type_info` class
is also fully `constexpr`. However, this cannot be guaranteed in advance and
depends mainly on the compiler in use and any specializations of the classes
described above.
### Almost unique identifiers
Since the default non-standard, compile-time implementation of `type_hash` makes
use of hashed strings, it may happen that two types are assigned the same hash
value.<br/>
In fact, although this is quite rare, it is not entirely excluded.
Another case where two types are assigned the same identifier is when classes
from different contexts (for example two or more libraries loaded at runtime)
have the same fully qualified name. In this case, `type_name` returns the same
value for the two types.<br/>
Fortunately, there are several easy ways to deal with this:
* The most trivial one is to define the `ENTT_STANDARD_CPP` macro. Runtime
identifiers do not suffer from the same problem in fact. However, this
solution does not work well with a plugin system, where the libraries are not
linked.
* Another possibility is to specialize the `type_name` class for one of the
conflicting types, in order to assign it a custom identifier. This is probably
the easiest solution that also preserves the feature of the tool.
* A fully customized identifier generation policy (based for example on enum
classes or preprocessing steps) may represent yet another option.
These are just some examples of possible approaches to the problem, but there
are many others. As already mentioned above, since users have full control over
their types, this problem is in any case easy to solve and should not worry too
much.<br/>
In all likelihood, it will never happen to run into a conflict anyway.
## Type traits
A handful of utilities and traits not present in the standard template library
but which can be useful in everyday life.<br/>
This list **is not** exhaustive and contains only some of the most useful
classes. Refer to the inline documentation for more information on the features
offered by this module.
### Size of
The standard operator `sizeof` complains if users provide it with functions or
incomplete types. On the other hand, it is guaranteed that its result is always
non-zero, even if applied to an empty class type.<br/>
This small class combines the two and offers an alternative to `sizeof` that
works under all circumstances, returning zero if the type is not supported:
```cpp
const auto size = entt::size_of_v<void>;
```
### Is applicable
The standard library offers the great `std::is_invocable` trait in several
forms. This takes a function type and a series of arguments and returns true if
the condition is satisfied.<br/>
Moreover, users are also provided with `std::apply`, a tool for combining
invocable elements and tuples of arguments.
It would therefore be a good idea to have a variant of `std::is_invocable` that
also accepts its arguments in the form of a tuple-like type, so as to complete
the offer:
```cpp
constexpr bool result = entt::is_applicable<Func, std::tuple<a_type, another_type>>;
```
This trait is built on top of `std::is_invocable` and does nothing but unpack a
tuple-like type and simplify the code at the call site.
### Constness as
A utility to easily transfer the constness of a type to another type:
```cpp
// type is const dst_type because of the constness of src_type
using type = entt::constness_as_t<dst_type, const src_type>;
```
The trait is subject to the rules of the language. For example, _transferring_
constness between references will not give the desired effect.
### Member class type
The `auto` template parameter introduced with C++17 made it possible to simplify
many class templates and template functions but also made the class type opaque
when members are passed as template arguments.<br/>
The purpose of this utility is to extract the class type in a few lines of code:
```cpp
template<typename Member>
using clazz = entt::member_class_t<Member>;
```
### N-th argument
A utility to quickly find the n-th argument of a function, member function or
data member (for blind operations on opaque types):
```cpp
using type = entt::nth_argument_t<1u, decltype(&clazz::member)>;
```
Disambiguation of overloaded functions is the responsibility of the user, should
it be needed.
### Integral constant
Since `std::integral_constant` may be annoying because of its form that requires
to specify both a type and a value of that type, there is a more user-friendly
shortcut for the creation of integral constants.<br/>
This shortcut is the alias template `entt::integral_constant`:
```cpp
constexpr auto constant = entt::integral_constant<42>;
```
Among the other uses, when combined with a hashed string it helps to define tags
as human-readable _names_ where actual types would be required otherwise:
```cpp
constexpr auto enemy_tag = entt::integral_constant<"enemy"_hs>;
registry.emplace<enemy_tag>(entity);
```
### Tag
Type `id_type` is very important and widely used in `EnTT`. Therefore, there is
a more user-friendly shortcut for the creation of constants based on it.<br/>
This shortcut is the alias template `entt::tag`.
If used in combination with hashed strings, it helps to use human-readable names
where types would be required otherwise. As an example:
```cpp
registry.emplace<entt::tag<"enemy"_hs>>(entity);
```
However, this is not the only permitted use. Literally any value convertible to
`id_type` is a good candidate, such as the named constants of an unscoped enum.
### Type list and value list
There is no respectable library where the much desired _type list_ can be
missing.<br/>
`EnTT` is no exception and provides (making extensive use of it internally) the
`type_list` type, in addition to its `value_list` counterpart dedicated to
non-type template parameters.
Here is a (possibly incomplete) list of the functionalities that come with a
type list:
* `type_list_element[_t]` to get the N-th element of a type list.
* `type_list_index[_v]` to get the index of a given element of a type list.
* `type_list_cat[_t]` and a handy `operator+` to concatenate type lists.
* `type_list_unique[_t]` to remove duplicate types from a type list.
* `type_list_contains[_v]` to know if a type list contains a given type.
* `type_list_diff[_t]` to remove types from type lists.
* `type_list_transform[_t]` to _transform_ a range and create another type list.
I am also pretty sure that more and more utilities will be added over time as
needs become apparent.<br/>
Many of these functionalities also exist in their version dedicated to value
lists. We therefore have `value_list_element[_v]` as well as
`value_list_cat[_t]`and so on.
# Unique sequential identifiers
Sometimes it is useful to be able to give unique, sequential numeric identifiers
to types either at compile-time or runtime.<br/>
There are plenty of different solutions for this out there, and I could have
used one of them. However, I decided to spend my time to define a couple of
tools that fully embrace what modern C++ has to offer.
## Compile-time generator
To generate sequential numeric identifiers at compile-time, `EnTT` offers the
`ident` class template:
```cpp
// defines the identifiers for the given types
using id = entt::ident<a_type, another_type>;
// ...
switch(a_type_identifier) {
case id::value<a_type>:
// ...
break;
case id::value<another_type>:
// ...
break;
default:
// ...
}
```
This is what this class template has to offer: a `value` inline variable that
contains a numeric identifier for the given type. It can be used in any context
where constant expressions are required.
As long as the list remains unchanged, identifiers are also guaranteed to be
stable across different runs. If used in a production environment where a type
needs to be removed, a placeholder can help to leave the other identifiers the
same:
```cpp
template<typename>
struct ignore_type {};
using id = entt::ident<
a_type_still_valid,
ignore_type<no_longer_valid_type>,
another_type_still_valid
>;
```
Perhaps a bit ugly to see in a codebase, but it gets the job done at least.
## Runtime generator
The `family` class template helps to generate sequential numeric identifiers for
types at runtime:
```cpp
// defines a custom generator
using id = entt::family<struct my_tag>;
// ...
const auto a_type_id = id::value<a_type>;
const auto another_type_id = id::value<another_type>;
```
This is what a _family_ has to offer: a `value` inline variable that contains a
numeric identifier for the given type.<br/>
The generator is customizable, so as to get different _sequences_ for different
purposes if needed.
Identifiers are not guaranteed to be stable across different runs. Indeed it
mostly depends on the flow of execution.
# Utilities
It is not possible to escape the temptation to add utilities of some kind to a
library. In fact, `EnTT` also provides a handful of tools to simplify the
life of developers:
* `entt::identity`: the identity function object that will be available with
C++20. It returns its argument unchanged and nothing more. It is useful as a
sort of _do nothing_ function in template programming.
* `entt::overload`: a tool to disambiguate different overloads from their
function type. It works with both free and member functions.<br/>
Consider the following definition:
```cpp
struct clazz {
void bar(int) {}
void bar() {}
};
```
This utility can be used to get the _right_ overload as:
```cpp
auto *member = entt::overload<void(int)>(&clazz::bar);
```
The line above is literally equivalent to:
```cpp
auto *member = static_cast<void(clazz:: *)(int)>(&clazz::bar);
```
Just easier to read and shorter to type.
* `entt::overloaded`: a small class template used to create a new type with an
overloaded `operator()` from a bunch of lambdas or functors.<br/>
As an example:
```cpp
entt::overloaded func{
[](int value) { /* ... */ },
[](char value) { /* ... */ }
};
func(42);
func('c');
```
Rather useful when doing metaprogramming and having to pass to a function a
callable object that supports multiple types at once.
* `entt::y_combinator`: this is a C++ implementation of **the** _y-combinator_.
If it is not clear what it is, there is probably no need for this
utility.<br/>
Below is a small example to show its use:
```cpp
entt::y_combinator gauss([](const auto &self, auto value) -> unsigned int {
return value ? (value + self(value-1u)) : 0;
});
const auto result = gauss(3u);
```
Maybe convoluted at first glance but certainly effective. Unfortunately,
the language does not make it possible to do much better.
This is a rundown of the (actually few) utilities made available by `EnTT`. The
list will probably grow over time, but the size of each will remain rather
small, as has been the case so far.

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# Frequently Asked Questions
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [FAQ](#faq)
* [Why is my debug build on Windows so slow?](#why-is-my-debug-build-on-windows-so-slow)
* [How can I represent hierarchies with my components?](#how-can-i-represent-hierarchies-with-my-components)
* [Custom entity identifiers: yay or nay?](#custom-entity-identifiers-yay-or-nay)
* [Warning C4003: the min, the max and the macro](#warning-c4003-the-min-the-max-and-the-macro)
* [The standard and the non-copyable types](#the-standard-and-the-non-copyable-types)
* [Which functions trigger which signals](#which-functions-trigger-which-signals)
* [Duplicate storage for the same component](#duplicate-storage-for-the-same-component)
# Introduction
This is a constantly updated section where I am trying to put the answers to the
most frequently asked questions.<br/>
If you do not find your answer here, there are two cases: nobody has done it
yet, or this section needs updating. In both cases, you can
[open a new issue](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues/new) or enter either
the [gitter channel](https://gitter.im/skypjack/entt) or the
[discord server](https://discord.gg/5BjPWBd) to ask for help.<br/>
Probably someone already has an answer for you and we can then integrate this
part of the documentation.
# FAQ
## Why is my debug build on Windows so slow?
`EnTT` is an experimental project that I also use to keep me up-to-date with the
latest revision of the language and the standard library. For this reason, it is
likely that some classes you are working with are using standard containers
under the hood.<br/>
Unfortunately, it is known that the standard containers are not particularly
performing in debugging (the reasons for this go beyond this document) and are
even less so on Windows, apparently. Fortunately, this can also be mitigated a
lot, achieving good results in many cases.
First of all, there are two things to do in a Windows project:
* Disable the [`/JMC`](https://docs.microsoft.com/cpp/build/reference/jmc)
option (_Just My Code_ debugging), available starting with Visual Studio 2017
version 15.8.
* Set the [`_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL`](https://docs.microsoft.com/cpp/standard-library/iterator-debug-level)
macro to 0. This will disable checked iterators and iterator debugging.
Moreover, set the `ENTT_DISABLE_ASSERT` variable or redefine the `ENTT_ASSERT`
macro to disable internal debug checks in `EnTT`:
```cpp
#define ENTT_ASSERT(...) ((void)0)
```
These asserts are introduced to help the users, but they require access to the
underlying containers and therefore risk ruining the performance in some cases.
With these changes, debug performance should increase enough in most cases. If
you want something more, you can also switch to an optimization level `O0` or
preferably `O1`.
## How can I represent hierarchies with my components?
This is one of the first questions that anyone makes when starting to work with
the entity-component-system architectural pattern.<br/>
There are several approaches to the problem, and the best one depends mainly on
the real problem one is facing. In all cases, how to do it does not strictly
depend on the library in use, but the latter certainly allows or not different
techniques depending on how the data are laid out.
I tried to describe some of the approaches that fit well with the model of
`EnTT`. [This](https://skypjack.github.io/2019-06-25-ecs-baf-part-4/) is the
first post of a series that tries to _explore_ the problem. More will probably
come in the future.<br/>
In addition, `EnTT` also offers the possibility to create stable storage types
and therefore have pointer stability for one, all or some components. This is by
far the most convenient solution when it comes to creating hierarchies and
whatnot. See the documentation for the ECS part of the library and in particular
what concerns the `component_traits` class for further details.
## Custom entity identifiers: yay or nay?
Custom entity identifiers are definitely a good idea in two cases at least:
* If `std::uint32_t` is not large enough for your purposes, since this is the
underlying type of `entt::entity`.
* If you want to avoid conflicts when using multiple registries.
Identifiers can be defined through enum classes and class types that define an
`entity_type` member of type `std::uint32_t` or `std::uint64_t`.<br/>
In fact, this is a definition equivalent to that of `entt::entity`:
```cpp
enum class entity: std::uint32_t {};
```
There is no limit to the number of identifiers that can be defined.
## Warning C4003: the min, the max and the macro
On Windows, a header file defines two macros `min` and `max` which may result in
conflicts with their counterparts in the standard library and therefore in
errors during compilation.
It is a pretty big problem. However, fortunately it is not a problem of `EnTT`
and there is a fairly simple solution to it.<br/>
It consists in defining the `NOMINMAX` macro before including any other header
so as to get rid of the extra definitions:
```cpp
#define NOMINMAX
```
Please refer to [this](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues/96) issue for
more details.
## The standard and the non-copyable types
`EnTT` uses internally the trait `std::is_copy_constructible_v` to check if a
component is actually copyable. However, this trait does not really check
whether a type is actually copyable. Instead, it just checks that a suitable
copy constructor and copy operator exist.<br/>
This can lead to surprising results due to some idiosyncrasies of the standard.
For example, `std::vector` defines a copy constructor that is conditionally
enabled depending on whether the value type is copyable or not. As a result,
`std::is_copy_constructible_v` returns true for the following specialization:
```cpp
struct type {
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<action>> vec;
};
```
However, the copy constructor is effectively disabled upon specialization.
Therefore, trying to assign an instance of this type to an entity may trigger a
compilation error.<br/>
As a workaround, users can mark the type explicitly as non-copyable. This also
suppresses the implicit generation of the move constructor and operator, which
will therefore have to be defaulted accordingly:
```cpp
struct type {
type(const type &) = delete;
type(type &&) = default;
type & operator=(const type &) = delete;
type & operator=(type &&) = default;
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<action>> vec;
};
```
Note that aggregate initialization is also disabled as a consequence.<br/>
Fortunately, this type of trick is quite rare. The bad news is that there is no
way to deal with it at the library level, this being due to the design of the
language. On the other hand, the fact that the language itself also offers a way
to mitigate the problem makes it manageable.
## Which functions trigger which signals
Storage classes offer three _signals_ that are emitted following specific
operations. Maybe not everyone knows what these operations are, though.<br/>
If this is not clear, below you can find a _vademecum_ for this purpose:
* `on_created` is invoked when a component is first added (neither modified nor
replaced) to an entity.
* `on_update` is called whenever an existing component is modified or replaced.
* `on_destroyed` is called when a component is explicitly or implicitly removed
from an entity.
Among the most controversial functions can be found `emplace_or_replace` and
`destroy`. However, following the above rules, it is quite simple to know what
will happen.<br/>
In the first case, `on_created` is invoked if the entity has not the component,
otherwise the latter is replaced and therefore `on_update` is triggered. As for
the second case, components are removed from their entities and thus freed when
they are recycled. It means that `on_destroyed` is triggered for every component
owned by the entity that is destroyed.
## Duplicate storage for the same component
It is rare, but you can see double sometimes, especially when it comes to
storage. This can be caused by a conflict in the hash assigned to the various
component types (one of a kind) or by bugs in your compiler
([more common](https://github.com/skypjack/entt/issues/1063) apparently).<br/>
Regardless of the cause, `EnTT` offers a customization point that also serves as
a solution in this case:
```cpp
template<>
struct entt::type_hash<Type> final {
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr id_type value() noexcept {
return hashed_string::value("Type");
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator id_type() const noexcept {
return value();
}
};
```
Specializing `type_hash` directly bypasses the default implementation offered by
`EnTT`, thus avoiding any possible conflicts or compiler bugs.

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# Crash Course: graph
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Data structures](#data-structures)
* [Adjacency matrix](#adjacency-matrix)
* [Graphviz dot language](#graphviz-dot-language)
* [Flow builder](#flow-builder)
* [Tasks and resources](#tasks-and-resources)
* [Fake resources and order of execution](#fake-resources-and-order-of-execution)
* [Sync points](#sync-points)
* [Execution graph](#execution-graph)
# Introduction
`EnTT` does not aim to offer everything one needs to work with graphs.
Therefore, anyone looking for this in the _graph_ submodule will be
disappointed.<br/>
Quite the opposite is true though. This submodule is minimal and contains only
the data structures and algorithms strictly necessary for the development of
some tools such as the _flow builder_.
# Data structures
As anticipated in the introduction, the aim is not to offer all possible data
structures suitable for representing and working with graphs. Many will likely
be added or refined over time. However, I want to discourage anyone expecting
tight scheduling on the subject.<br/>
The data structures presented in this section are mainly useful for the
development and support of some tools that are also part of the same submodule.
## Adjacency matrix
The adjacency matrix is designed to represent either a directed or an undirected
graph:
```cpp
entt::adjacency_matrix<entt::directed_tag> adjacency_matrix{};
```
The `directed_tag` type _creates_ the graph as directed. There is also an
`undirected_tag` counterpart which creates it as undirected.<br/>
The interface deviates slightly from the typical double indexing of C and offers
an API that is perhaps more familiar to a C++ programmer. Therefore, the access
and modification of an element takes place via the `contains`, `insert` and
`erase` functions rather than a double call to an `operator[]`:
```cpp
if(adjacency_matrix.contains(0u, 1u)) {
adjacency_matrix.erase(0u, 1u);
} else {
adjacency_matrix.insert(0u, 1u);
}
```
Both `insert` and` erase` are _idempotent_ functions which have no effect if the
element already exists or has already been deleted.<br/>
The first one returns an `std::pair` containing the iterator to the element and
a boolean value indicating whether the element was newly inserted or not. The
second one returns the number of deleted elements (0 or 1).
An adjacency matrix is initialized with the number of elements (vertices) when
constructing it but can also be resized later using the `resize` function:
```cpp
entt::adjacency_matrix<entt::directed_tag> adjacency_matrix{3u};
```
To visit all vertices, the class offers a function named `vertices` that returns
an iterable object suitable for the purpose:
```cpp
for(auto &&vertex: adjacency_matrix.vertices()) {
// ...
}
```
The same result is obtained with the following snippet, since the vertices are
plain unsigned integral values:
```cpp
for(auto last = adjacency_matrix.size(), pos = {}; pos < last; ++pos) {
// ...
}
```
As for visiting the edges, a few functions are available.<br/>
When the purpose is to visit all the edges of a given adjacency matrix, the
`edges` function returns an iterable object that is used to get them as pairs of
vertices:
```cpp
for(auto [lhs, rhs]: adjacency_matrix.edges()) {
// ...
}
```
If the goal is to visit all the in- or out-edges of a given vertex instead, the
`in_edges` and `out_edges` functions are meant for that:
```cpp
for(auto [lhs, rhs]: adjacency_matrix.out_edges(3u)) {
// ...
}
```
Both the functions expect the vertex to visit (that is, to return the in- or
out-edges for) as an argument.<br/>
Finally, the adjacency matrix is an allocator-aware container and offers most of
the functionalities one would expect from this type of containers, such as
`clear` or `get_allocator` and so on.
## Graphviz dot language
As it is one of the most popular formats, the library offers minimal support for
converting a graph to a Graphviz dot snippet.<br/>
The simplest way is to pass both an output stream and a graph to the `dot`
function:
```cpp
std::ostringstream output{};
entt::dot(output, adjacency_matrix);
```
It is also possible to provide a callback to which the vertices are passed and
which can be used to add (`dot`) properties to the output as needed:
```cpp
std::ostringstream output{};
entt::dot(output, adjacency_matrix, [](auto &output, auto vertex) {
out << "label=\"v\"" << vertex << ",shape=\"box\"";
});
```
This second mode is particularly convenient when the user wants to associate
externally managed data to the graph being converted.
# Flow builder
A flow builder is used to create execution graphs from tasks and resources.<br/>
The implementation is as generic as possible and does not bind to any other part
of the library.
This class is designed as a sort of _state machine_ to which a specific task is
attached for which the resources accessed in read-only or read-write mode are
specified.<br/>
Most of the functions in the API also return the flow builder itself, according
to what is the common sense API when it comes to builder classes.
Once all tasks are registered and resources assigned to them, an execution graph
in the form of an adjacency matrix is returned to the user.<br/>
This graph contains all the tasks assigned to the flow builder in the form of
_vertices_. The _vertex_ itself is used as an index to get the identifier passed
during registration.
## Tasks and resources
Although these terms are used extensively in the documentation, the flow builder
has no real concept of tasks and resources.<br/>
This class works mainly with _identifiers_, that is, values of type `id_type`.
In other terms, both tasks and resources are identified by integral values.<br/>
This allows not to couple the class itself to the rest of the library or to any
particular data structure. On the other hand, it requires the user to keep track
of the association between identifiers and operations or actual data.
Once a flow builder is created (which requires no constructor arguments), the
first thing to do is to bind a task. This tells the builder _who_ intends to
consume the resources that are specified immediately after:
```cpp
entt::flow builder{};
builder.bind("task_1"_hs);
```
The example uses the `EnTT` hashed string to generate an identifier for the
task.<br/>
Indeed, the use of `id_type` as an identifier type is not by accident. In fact,
it matches well with the internal hashed string class. Moreover, it is also the
same type returned by the hash function of the internal RTTI system, in case the
user wants to rely on that.<br/>
However, being an integral value, it leaves the user full freedom to rely on his
own tools if necessary.
Once a task is associated with the flow builder, it has also assigned read-only
or read-write resources as appropriate:
```cpp
builder
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.ro("resource_1"_hs)
.ro("resource_2"_hs)
.bind("task_2"_hs)
.rw("resource_2"_hs)
```
As mentioned, many functions return the builder itself, and it is therefore easy
to concatenate the different calls.<br/>
Also in the case of resources, they are identified by numeric values of type
`id_type`. As above, the choice is not entirely random. This goes well with the
tools offered by the library while leaving room for maximum flexibility.
Finally, both the `ro` and` rw` functions also offer an overload that accepts a
pair of iterators, so that one can pass a range of resources in one go.
### Rebinding
The `flow` class is resource based rather than task based. This means that graph
generation is driven by resources and not by the order of _appearance_ of tasks
during flow definition.<br/>
Although this concept is particularly important, it is almost irrelevant for the
vast majority of cases. However, it becomes relevant when _rebinding_ resources
or tasks.
In fact, nothing prevents rebinding elements to a flow.<br/>
However, the behavior changes slightly from case to case and has some nuances
that it is worth knowing about.
Directly rebinding a resource without the task being replaced trivially results
in the task's access mode for that resource being updated:
```cpp
builder.bind("task"_hs).rw("resource"_hs).ro("resource"_hs)
```
In this case, the resource is accessed in read-only mode, regardless of the
first call to `rw`.<br/>
Behind the scenes, the call does not actually _replace_ the previous one but is
queued after it instead, overwriting it when generating the graph. Thus, a large
number of resource rebindings may even impact processing times (very difficult
to observe but theoretically possible).
Rebinding resources and also combining it with changes to tasks has far more
implications instead.<br/>
As mentioned, graph generation takes place starting from resources and not from
tasks. Therefore, the result may not be as expected:
```cpp
builder
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.ro("resource"_hs)
.bind("task_2"_hs)
.ro("resource"_hs)
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.rw("resource"_hs);
```
What happens here is that the resource first _sees_ a read-only access request
from the first task, then a read-only request from the second task and finally
a read-write request from the first task.<br/>
Although this definition would probably be counted as an error, the resulting
graph may be unexpected. In fact, this consists of a single edge outgoing from
the second task and directed to the first task.<br/>
To intuitively understand what happens, it is enough to think of the fact that a
task never has an edge pointing to itself.
While not obvious, this approach has its pros and cons like any other solution.
For example, creating loops is actually simple in the context of resource-based
graph generations:
```cpp
builder
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.rw("resource"_hs)
.bind("task_2"_hs)
.rw("resource"_hs)
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.rw("resource"_hs);
```
As expected, this definition leads to the creation of two edges that define a
loop between the two tasks.
As a general rule, rebinding resources and tasks is highly discouraged because
it could lead to subtle bugs if users do not know what they are doing.<br/>
However, once the mechanisms of resource-based graph generation are understood,
it can offer to the expert user flexibility and a range of possibilities
otherwise inaccessible.
## Fake resources and order of execution
The flow builder does not offer the ability to specify when a task should run
before or after another task.<br/>
In fact, the order of _registration_ on the resources also determines the order
in which the tasks are processed during the generation of the execution graph.
However, there is a way to _force_ the execution order of two processes.<br/>
Briefly, since accessing a resource in opposite modes requires sequential rather
than parallel scheduling, it is possible to make use of fake resources to rule
on the execution order:
```cpp
builder
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.ro("resource_1"_hs)
.rw("fake"_hs)
.bind("task_2"_hs)
.ro("resource_2"_hs)
.ro("fake"_hs)
.bind("task_3"_hs)
.ro("resource_2"_hs)
.ro("fake"_hs)
```
This snippet forces the execution of `task_1` **before** `task_2` and `task_3`.
This is due to the fact that the former sets a read-write requirement on a fake
resource that the other tasks also want to access in read-only mode.<br/>
Similarly, it is possible to force a task to run **after** a certain group:
```cpp
builder
.bind("task_1"_hs)
.ro("resource_1"_hs)
.ro("fake"_hs)
.bind("task_2"_hs)
.ro("resource_1"_hs)
.ro("fake"_hs)
.bind("task_3"_hs)
.ro("resource_2"_hs)
.rw("fake"_hs)
```
In this case, since there are a number of processes that want to read a specific
resource, they will do so in parallel by forcing `task_3` to run after all the
other tasks.
## Sync points
Sometimes it is useful to assign the role of _sync point_ to a node.<br/>
Whether it accesses new resources or is simply a watershed, the procedure for
assigning this role to a vertex is always the same. First it is tied to the flow
builder, then the `sync` function is invoked:
```cpp
builder.bind("sync_point"_hs).sync();
```
The choice to assign an _identity_ to this type of node lies in the fact that,
more often than not, they also perform operations on resources.<br/>
If this is not the case, it will still be possible to create no-op vertices to
which empty tasks are assigned.
## Execution graph
Once both the resources and their consumers have been properly registered, the
purpose of this tool is to generate an execution graph that takes into account
all specified constraints to return the best scheduling for the vertices:
```cpp
entt::adjacency_matrix<entt::directed_tag> graph = builder.graph();
```
Searching for the main vertices (that is, those without in-edges) is usually the
first thing required:
```cpp
for(auto &&vertex: graph) {
if(auto in_edges = graph.in_edges(vertex); in_edges.begin() == in_edges.end()) {
// ...
}
}
```
Then it is possible to instantiate an execution graph by means of other
functions such as `out_edges` to retrieve the children of a given task or
`edges` to get the identifiers.

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# Push EnTT across boundaries
# Table of Contents
* [Working across boundaries](#working-across-boundaries)
* [Smooth until proven otherwise](#smooth-until-proven-otherwise)
* [Meta context](#meta-context)
* [Memory management](#memory-management)
# Working across boundaries
`EnTT` has historically had a limit when used across boundaries on Windows in
general and on GNU/Linux when default visibility was set to hidden. The
limitation was mainly due to a custom utility used to assign unique, sequential
identifiers with different types.<br/>
Fortunately, nowadays `EnTT` works smoothly across boundaries.
## Smooth until proven otherwise
Many classes in `EnTT` make extensive use of type erasure for their purposes.
This raises the need to identify objects whose type has been erased.<br/>
The `type_hash` class template is how identifiers are generated and thus made
available to the rest of the library. In general, this class arouses little
interest. The only exception is when a conflict between identifiers occurs
(definitely uncommon though) or when the default solution proposed by `EnTT` is
not suitable for the user's purposes.<br/>
The section dedicated to `type_info` contains all the details to get around the
issue in a concise and elegant way. Please refer to the specific documentation.
When working with linked libraries, compile definitions `ENTT_API_EXPORT` and
`ENTT_API_IMPORT` are to import or export symbols, so as to make everything work
nicely across boundaries.<br/>
On the other hand, everything should run smoothly when working with plugins or
shared libraries that do not export any symbols.
For those who need more details, the test suite contains many examples covering
the most common cases (see the `lib` directory for all details).<br/>
It goes without saying that it is impossible to cover **all** possible cases.
However, what is offered should hopefully serve as a basis for all of them.
## Meta context
The runtime reflection system deserves a special mention when it comes to using
it across boundaries.<br/>
Since it is linked already to a static context to which the elements are
attached and different contexts do not relate to each other, they must be
_shared_ to allow the use of meta types across boundaries.
Fortunately, sharing a context is also trivial to do. First of all, the local
one is acquired in the main space:
```cpp
auto handle = entt::locator<entt::meta_ctx>::handle();
```
Then, it is passed to the receiving space that sets it as its default context,
thus discarding or storing aside the local one:
```cpp
entt::locator<entt::meta_ctx>::reset(handle);
```
From now on, both spaces refer to the same context and to it are all new meta
types attached, no matter where they are created.<br/>
Note that _replacing_ the main context does not also propagate changes across
boundaries. In other words, replacing a context results in the decoupling of the
two sides and therefore a divergence in the contents.
## Memory Management
There is another subtle problem due to memory management that can lead to
headaches.<br/>
It can occur where there are pools of objects (such as components or events)
dynamically created on demand. This is usually not a problem when working with
linked libraries that rely on the same dynamic runtime. However, it can occur in
the case of plugins or statically linked runtimes.
As an example, imagine creating an instance of `registry` in the main executable
and sharing it with a plugin. If the latter starts working with a component that
is unknown to the former, a dedicated pool is created within the registry on
first use.<br/>
As one can guess, this pool is instantiated on a different side of the boundary
from the `registry`. Therefore, the instance is now managing memory from
different spaces, and this can quickly lead to crashes if not properly
addressed.
To overcome the risk, it is recommended to use well-defined interfaces that make
fundamental types pass through the boundaries, isolating the instances of the
`EnTT` classes from time to time and as appropriate.<br/>
Refer to the test suite for some examples, read the documentation available
online about this type of issues or consult someone who has already had such
experiences to avoid problems.

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# EnTT in Action
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [EnTT in Action](#entt-in-action)
* [Games](#games)
* [Engines and the like](#engines-and-the-like)
* [Articles, videos and blog posts](#articles-videos-and-blog-posts)
* [Any Other Business](#any-other-business)
# Introduction
`EnTT` is widely used in private and commercial applications. I cannot even
mention most of them because of some signatures I put on some documents time
ago. Fortunately, there are also people who took the time to implement open
source projects based on `EnTT` and did not hold back when it came to
documenting them.
Below an incomplete list of games, applications and articles that can be used as
a reference.<br/>
Where I put the word _apparently_ means that the use of `EnTT` is documented but
the authors did not make explicit announcements or contacted me directly.
If you know of other resources out there that are about `EnTT`, feel free to
open an issue or a PR. I will be glad to add them to this page.<br/>
I hope the following lists can grow much more in the future.
# EnTT in Action
## Games
* [Minecraft](https://minecraft.net/en-us/attribution/) by
[Mojang](https://mojang.com/): of course, **that** Minecraft, see the
open source attributions page for more details.
* [Minecraft Legends](https://www.minecraft.net/it-it/about-legends) by
[Mojang](https://mojang.com/): an action strategy game where users have to
fight to defend the Overworld.
* [Minecraft Earth](https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/about-earth) by
[Mojang](https://mojang.com/): an augmented reality game for mobile, that
lets users bring Minecraft into the real world.
* [Ember Sword](https://embersword.com/): a modern Free-to-Play MMORPG with a
player-driven economy, a classless combat system, and scarce, tradable
cosmetic collectibles.
* Apparently [Diablo II: Resurrected](https://diablo2.blizzard.com/) by
[Blizzard](https://www.blizzard.com/): monsters, heroes, items, spells, all
resurrected. Thanks unknown insider.
* [Apparently](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8xvOA3ikrQ&t=1105s)
[Call of Duty: Vanguard](https://www.callofduty.com/vanguard) by
[Sledgehammer Games](https://www.sledgehammergames.com/): I can neither
confirm nor deny, but there is a license I know in the credits.
* Apparently [D&D Dark Alliance](https://darkalliance.wizards.com) by
[Wizards of the Coast](https://company.wizards.com): your party, their
funeral.
* [TiltedEvolution](https://github.com/tiltedphoques/TiltedEvolution) by
[Tilted Phoques](https://github.com/tiltedphoques): Skyrim and Fallout 4 mod
to play online.
* [Antkeeper](https://github.com/antkeeper/antkeeper-source): an ant colony
simulation [game](https://antkeeper.com/).
* [Openblack](https://github.com/openblack/openblack): open source
reimplementation of the game _Black & White_ (2001).
* [Land of the Rair](https://github.com/LandOfTheRair/core2): the new backend
of [a retro-style MUD](https://rair.land/) for the new age.
* [Face Smash](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gamee.facesmash):
a game to play with your face.
* [EnTT Pacman](https://github.com/Kerndog73/EnTT-Pacman): an example of how
to make Pacman with `EnTT`.
* [Wacman](https://github.com/carlfindahl/wacman): a pacman clone with OpenGL.
* [Classic Tower Defence](https://github.com/kerndog73/Classic-Tower-Defence):
a tiny little tower defence game featuring a homemade font.
[Check it out](https://indi-kernick.itch.io/classic-tower-defence).
* [The Machine](https://github.com/Kerndog73/The-Machine): a box pushing
puzzler with logic gates and other cool stuff.
[Check it out](https://indi-kernick.itch.io/the-machine-web-version).
* [EnTTPong](https://github.com/DomRe/EnttPong): a basic game made to showcase
different parts of `EnTT` and C++17.
* [Randballs](https://github.com/gale93/randballs): simple `SFML` and `EnTT`
playground.
* [EnTT Tower Defense](https://github.com/Daivuk/tddod): a data oriented tower
defense example.
* [EnTT Breakout](https://github.com/vblanco20-1/entt-breakout): simple
example of a breakout game, using `SDL` and `EnTT`.
* [Arcade puzzle game with EnTT](https://github.com/MasonRG/ArcadePuzzleGame):
arcade puzzle game made in C++ using the `SDL2` and `EnTT` libraries.
* [Snake with EnTT](https://github.com/MasonRG/SnakeGame): simple snake game
made in C++ with the `SDL2` and `EnTT` libraries.
* [Mirrors lasers and robots](https://github.com/guillaume-haerinck/imac-tower-defense):
a small tower defense game based on mirror orientation.
* [PopHead](https://github.com/SPC-Some-Polish-Coders/PopHead/): 2D, Zombie,
RPG game made from scratch in C++.
* [Robotligan](https://github.com/Trisslotten/robotligan): multiplayer
football game.
* [DungeonSlayer](https://github.com/alohaeee/DungeonSlayer): 2D game made
from scratch in C++.
* [3DGame](https://github.com/kwarkGorny/3DGame): 2.5D top-down space shooter.
* [Pulcher](https://github.com/AODQ/pulcher): 2D cross-platform game inspired
by Quake.
* [Destroid](https://github.com/tyrannicaltoucan/destroid): _one-bazillionth_
arcade game about shooting dirty rocks in space, inspired by Asteroids.
* [Wanderer](https://github.com/albin-johansson/wanderer): a 2D
exploration-based indie game.
* [Spelunky® Classic remake](https://github.com/dbeef/spelunky-psp): a truly
multiplatform experience with a rewrite from scratch.
* [CubbyTower](https://github.com/utilForever/CubbyTower): a simple tower
defense game using C++ with Entity Component System (ECS).
* [Runeterra](https://github.com/utilForever/Runeterra): Legends of Runeterra
simulator using C++ with some reinforcement learning.
* [Black Sun](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1670930/Black_Sun/): fly your
spaceship through a large 2D open world.
* [PokeMaster](https://github.com/utilForever/PokeMaster): Pokémon Battle
simulator using C++ with some reinforcement learning.
* [HomeHearth](https://youtu.be/GrEWl8npL9Y): choose your hero, protect the
town, before it is too late.
* [City Builder Game](https://github.com/PhiGei2000/CityBuilderGame): a simple
city-building game using C++ and OpenGL.
* [BattleSub](https://github.com/bfeldpw/battlesub): two player 2D submarine
game with some fluid dynamics.
* [Crimson Rush](https://github.com/WilKam01/LuaCGame): a dungeon-crawler and
rougelike inspired game about exploring and surviving as long as possible.
* [Space Fight](https://github.com/cholushkin/SpaceFight): one screen
multi-player arcade shooter game prototype.
* [Confetti Party](https://github.com/hexerei/entt-confetti): C++ sample
application as a starting point using `EnTT` and `SDL2`.
* [Hellbound](https://buas.itch.io/hellbound): a top-down action rogue-like
where to fight colossal demons in procedurally generated levels of hell.
* [Saurian Sorcery](https://github.com/cajallen/spellbook): a tower defense
game where to assemble a tribe of lizards to defend against robot invaders.
* [robotfindskitten](https://github.com/autogalkin/robotfindskitten): a clone
of `robotfindskitten` inside `Notepad.exe`, powered by `EnTT`.
* [Orion](https://github.com/alekskoloch/Orion): Outer-space Research and
Interstellar Observation Network (a space shooter game).
* [EnTT Boids](https://github.com/DanielEliasib/entt_boids): a simple boids
implementation using `EnTT` and `Raylib`.
* [PalmRide: After Flight](https://store.steampowered.com/app/2812540/PalmRide_After_Flight/):
an on-rails shooter with retro outrun aesthetics.
* [Exhibition of Speed](https://store.steampowered.com/app/2947450/Exhibition_of_Speed/):
build your own car and go racing.
* [Lichgate](https://buas.itch.io/lichgate): top-down action rogue-like where
users unlock abilities to fight horde of enemies in an endless world.
* [Letalka](https://github.com/dviglo2d/dviglo2d/tree/main/games/letalka):
small demo game with ships and bullets flying everywhere on the screen.
* [Lichgate](https://buas.itch.io/lichgate): step into the robes of a powerful
mage determined to halt the relentless hordes of undead.
## Engines and the like:
* [Hazel Engine](https://github.com/TheCherno/Hazel): a work in progress
engine created by [The Cherno](https://github.com/TheCherno/Hazel) during
one of his most famous video series.
* [Aether Engine](https://hadean.com/spatial-simulation/)
[v1.1+](https://docs.hadean.com/v1.1/Licenses/) by
[Hadean](https://hadean.com/): a library designed for spatially partitioning
agent-based simulations.
* [Fling Engine](https://github.com/flingengine/FlingEngine): a Vulkan game
engine with a focus on data oriented design.
* [NovusCore](https://github.com/novuscore/NovusCore): a modern take on World
of Warcraft emulation.
* [Chrysalis](https://github.com/ivanhawkes/Chrysalis): action RPG SDK for
CRYENGINE games.
* [LM-Engine](https://github.com/Lawrencemm/LM-Engine): the Vim of game
engines.
* [Edyn](https://github.com/xissburg/edyn): a real-time physics engine
organized as an ECS.
* [MushMachine](https://github.com/MadeOfJelly/MushMachine): engine...
vrooooommm.
* [Antara Gaming SDK](https://github.com/KomodoPlatform/antara-gaming-sdk):
the Komodo Gaming Software Development Kit.
* [XVP](https://ravingbots.com/xvp-expansive-vehicle-physics-for-unreal-engine/):
[_eXpansive Vehicle Physics_](https://github.com/raving-bots/xvp/wiki/Plugin-integration-guide)
plugin for Unreal Engine.
* [Apparently](https://teamwisp.github.io/credits/)
[Wisp](https://teamwisp.github.io/product/) by
[Team Wisp](https://teamwisp.github.io/): an advanced real-time ray tracing
renderer built for the demands of video game artists.
* [shiva](https://github.com/Milerius/shiva): modern C++ engine with
modularity.
* [ImGui/EnTT editor](https://github.com/Green-Sky/imgui_entt_entity_editor):
a drop-in, single-file entity editor for `EnTT` that uses `ImGui` as
graphical backend (with
[demo code](https://github.com/Green-Sky/imgui_entt_entity_editor_demo)).
* [SgOgl](https://github.com/stwe/SgOgl): a game engine library for OpenGL
developed for educational purposes.
* [Lumos](https://github.com/jmorton06/Lumos): game engine written in C++
using OpenGL and Vulkan.
* [Silvanus](https://github.com/hobbyistmaker/silvanus): Silvanus Fusion 360
Box Generator.
* [Lina Engine](https://github.com/inanevin/LinaEngine): an open-source,
modular, tiny and fast C++ game engine, aimed to develop 3D desktop games.
* [Spike](https://github.com/FahimFuad/Spike): a powerful game engine which
can run on a toaster.
* [Helena Framework](https://github.com/NIKEA-SOFT/HelenaFramework): a modern
framework in C++17 for backend development.
* [Unity/EnTT](https://github.com/TongTungGiang/unity-entt): tech demo of a
native simulation layer using `EnTT` and `Unity` as a rendering engine.
* [OverEngine](https://github.com/OverShifted/OverEngine): an overengineered
game engine.
* [Electro](https://github.com/Electro-Technologies/Electro): high performance
3D game engine with a high emphasis on rendering.
* [Kawaii](https://github.com/Mathieu-Lala/Kawaii_Engine): a modern data
oriented game engine.
* [Becketron](https://github.com/Doctor-Foxling/Becketron): a game engine
written mostly in C++.
* [Spatial Engine](https://github.com/luizgabriel/Spatial.Engine): a
cross-platform engine created on top of Google's filament rendering engine.
* [Kaguya](https://github.com/KaiH0717/Kaguya): D3D12 Rendering Engine.
* [OpenAWE](https://github.com/OpenAWE-Project/OpenAWE): open implementation
of the Alan Wake Engine.
* [Nazara Engine](https://github.com/DigitalPulseSoftware/NazaraEngine): fast,
cross-platform, object-oriented API to help in daily developer life.
* [Billy Engine](https://github.com/billy4479/BillyEngine): some kind of 2D
engine based on `SDL2` and `EnTT`.
* [Ducktape](https://github.com/DucktapeEngine/Ducktape): an open source C++
2D & 3D game engine that focuses on being fast and powerful.
* [The Worst Engine](https://github.com/Parasik72/TWE): a game engine based on
OpenGL.
* [Ecsact](https://ecsact.dev/): a language aimed at describing ECS, with a
[runtime implementation](https://github.com/ecsact-dev/ecsact_rt_entt) based
on `EnTT`.
* [AGE (Arc Game Engine)](https://github.com/MohitSethi99/ArcGameEngine): an
open-source engine for building 2D & 3D real-time rendering and interactive
contents.
* [Kengine](https://github.com/phisko/kengine): the _Koala engine_ is a game
engine entirely implemented as an entity-component-system.
* [Scion2D](https://github.com/dwjclark11/Scion2D): 2D game engine with
[YouTube series](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3HUvSWOJR7XRDwVVQqqWO-zyyscb8L-v)
included.
* [EnTT Editor](https://github.com/TheDimin/EnttEditor): an editor for `EnTT`
libary that combines its built-in reflection system with `ImGui`.
* [Era Game Engine](https://github.com/EldarMuradov/EraGameEngine): a modern
ECS-based game engine.
* [Core SDK of Trollworks engine](https://github.com/trollworks/sdk-core): 2D
game engine based on procrastination.
* [Rocky](https://github.com/pelicanmapping/rocky): 3D geospatial application
engine.
* [Donner](https://github.com/jwmcglynn/donner): a modern C++20 SVG2 rendering
API with CSS3.
* [Coral Engine](https://github.com/GuusKemperman/CoralEngine): open-source
student engine with the tools to make games in C++ and Visual scripting.
* [Star Engine](https://github.com/HODAKdev/StarEngine): an Advanced C++
DirectX 11 game engine.
* [Darmok](https://github.com/miguelibero/darmok): another C++ game engine.
* [Magique](https://github.com/gk646/magique): 2D game engine for programmers
(or those yet to be).
## Articles, videos and blog posts:
* [Some posts](https://skypjack.github.io/tags/#entt) on my personal
[blog](https://skypjack.github.io/) are about `EnTT`, for those who want to
know **more** on this project.
* [Game Engine series](https://www.youtube.com/c/TheChernoProject/videos) by
[The Cherno](https://github.com/TheCherno) (not only about `EnTT` but also
on the use of an ECS in general):
- [Intro to EnTT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4hz0wEB978).
- [Entities and Components](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B1iu4QJTUc).
- [The ENTITY Class](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfSzeAcsBb0).
- [Camera Systems](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubZn7BlrnTU).
- [Scene Camera](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKVFRRufKzo).
- [Native Scripting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIUhg88MK5M).
- [Native Scripting (now with virtual functions!)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cHEcrIn8IQ).
- [Scene Hierarchy Panel](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wziDnE8guvI).
- [Properties Panel](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBpB0qscF3E).
- [Camera Component UI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIMt_6agUiU).
- [Drawing Component UI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3yq8s3KuSE).
- [Transform Component UI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JqcXYbzPJc).
- [Adding/Removing Entities and Components UI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsyGmsIgp9M).
- [Saving and Loading Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEiOP7Y-Mbc).
- ... And so on.
[Check out](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ-W1KE9EYfdxhL6S4twUNw) the
_Game Engine Series_ by The Cherno for more videos.
* [Game Engine series](https://www.youtube.com/@JADE-iteGames/videos) by
[dwjclark11](https://github.com/dwjclark11) (not just `EnTT` but a lot of
it):
- [Getting into ECS](https://youtu.be/k9CbonLopJU?si=za3Tisyc96_92DWM)
- [Creating ECS Wrapper Classes](https://youtu.be/yetyuMJRdbo?si=PJTkmap4Ysqbzb_M)
- [Runtime Reflection using EnTT meta](https://youtu.be/GrXV5A07GTY?si=fKdWTj9AOhnhtiXq)
- [Adding entt::meta and Sol2 bindings](https://youtu.be/IM55JgxOqFA?si=rsbb4AG_NVh4IUmD)
(with [part two](https://youtu.be/-PTt-b1tzRw?si=zPJ4vEluyheMcNgO) too)
- ... And so on.
[Check it out](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3HUvSWOJR7XRDwVVQqqWO-zyyscb8L-v)
for more videos.
* [Warmonger Dynasty devlog series](https://david-delassus.medium.com/list/warmonger-dynasty-devlogs-f64b71f556de)
by [linkdd](https://github.com/linkdd): an interesting walkthrough of
developing a game (also) with EnTT.
* [Use EnTT When You Need An ECS](https://www.codingwiththomas.com/blog/use-entt-when-you-need-an-ecs)
by [Thomas](https://www.codingwiththomas.com/): I could not have said it
better.
* [Space Battle: Huge edition](http://victor.madtriangles.com/code%20experiment/2018/06/11/post-ecs-battle-huge.html):
huge space battle built entirely from scratch.
* [Space Battle](https://github.com/vblanco20-1/ECS_SpaceBattle): huge space
battle built on `UE4`.
* [Experimenting with ECS in UE4](http://victor.madtriangles.com/code%20experiment/2018/03/25/post-ue4-ecs-battle.html):
interesting article about `UE4` and `EnTT`.
* [Implementing ECS architecture in UE4](https://forums.unrealengine.com/development-discussion/c-gameplay-programming/1449913-implementing-ecs-architecture-in-ue4-giant-space-battle):
giant space battle.
* [Conan Adventures (SFML and EnTT in C++)](https://leinnan.github.io/blog/conan-adventuressfml-and-entt-in-c.html):
create projects in modern C++ using `SFML`, `EnTT`, `Conan` and `CMake`.
* [Adding EnTT ECS to Chrysalis](https://www.tauradius.com/post/adding-an-ecs-to-chrysalis/):
a blog entry (and its
[follow-up](https://www.tauradius.com/post/chrysalis-update-2020-08-02/))
about the integration of `EnTT` into `Chrysalis`, an action RPG SDK for
CRYENGINE games.
* [Creating Minecraft in One Week with C++ and Vulkan](https://vazgriz.com/189/creating-minecraft-in-one-week-with-c-and-vulkan/):
a crack at recreating Minecraft in one week using a custom C++ engine and
Vulkan ([code included](https://github.com/vazgriz/VoxelGame)).
* [Ability Creator](https://www.erichildebrand.net/blog/ability-creator-project-retrospect):
project retrospect by [Eric Hildebrand](https://www.erichildebrand.net/).
* [EnTT Entity Component System Gaming Library](https://gamefromscratch.com/entt-entity-component-system-gaming-library/):
`EnTT` on GameFromScratch.com.
* [Custom C++ server for UE5](https://youtu.be/fbXZVNCOvjM) optimized for
MMO(RPG)s and its [follow-up](https://youtu.be/yGlZeopx2hU) episode about
player bots and full external ECS: a series definitely worth looking at.
## Any Other Business:
* [ArcGIS Runtime SDKs](https://developers.arcgis.com/arcgis-runtime/) by
[Esri](https://www.esri.com/): they use `EnTT` for the internal ECS and the
cross-platform C++ rendering engine. The SDKs are used by a lot of
enterprise custom apps, as well as by Esri for its own public applications
such as
[Explorer](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esri.explorer),
[Collector](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esri.arcgis.collector)
and
[Navigator](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esri.navigator).
* [FASTSUITE Edition 2](https://www.fastsuite.com/en_EN/fastsuite/fastsuite-edition-2.html)
by [Cenit](http://www.cenit.com/en_EN/about-us/overview.html): they use
`EnTT` to drive their simulation, that is, the communication between robot
controller emulator and renderer.
* [Ragdoll](https://ragdolldynamics.com/): real-time physics for Autodesk Maya
2020.
* [Project Lagrange](https://github.com/adobe/lagrange): a robust geometry
processing library by [Adobe](https://github.com/adobe).
* [AtomicDEX](https://github.com/KomodoPlatform/atomicDEX-Desktop): a secure
wallet and noncustodial decentralized exchange rolled into one application.
* [Apparently](https://www.linkedin.com/in/skypjack/)
[NIO](https://www.nio.io/): there was a collaboration to make some changes
to `EnTT`, at the time used for internal projects.
* [Apparently](https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/view/architekt-c%2B%2B-at-tieto-1219512333/)
[Tieto](https://www.tieto.com/): they published a job post where `EnTT` was
listed on their software stack.
* [Sequentity](https://github.com/alanjfs/sequentity): A MIDI-like
sequencer/tracker for C++ and `ImGui` (with `Magnum` and `EnTT`).
* [EnTT meets Sol2](https://github.com/skaarj1989/entt-meets-sol2): freely
available examples of how to combine `EnTT` and `Sol2`.
* [Godot meets EnTT](https://github.com/portaloffreedom/godot_entt_example/):
a simple example on how to use `EnTT` within
[`Godot`](https://godotengine.org/).
* [Godot and GameNetworkingSockets meet EnTT](https://github.com/portaloffreedom/godot_entt_net_example):
a simple example on how to use `EnTT` and
[`GameNetworkingSockets`](https://github.com/ValveSoftware/GameNetworkingSockets)
within [`Godot`](https://godotengine.org/).
* [MatchOneEntt](https://github.com/mhaemmerle/MatchOneEntt): port of
[Match One](https://github.com/sschmid/Match-One) for `Entitas-CSharp`.
* GitHub contains also
[many other examples](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=%22skypjack%2Fentt%22&s=indexed&type=Code)
of use of `EnTT` from which to take inspiration if interested.

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# Crash Course: service locator
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Service locator](#service-locator)
* [Opaque handles](#opaque-handles)
# Introduction
Usually, service locators are tightly bound to the services they expose. It is
hard to define a general purpose solution.<br/>
This tiny class tries to fill the gap and gets rid of the burden of defining a
different specific locator for each application.
# Service locator
The service locator API tries to mimic that of `std::optional` and adds some
extra functionalities on top of it such as allocator support.<br/>
There are a couple of functions to set up a service, namely `emplace` and
`allocate_emplace`:
```cpp
entt::locator<interface>::emplace<service>(argument);
entt::locator<interface>::allocate_emplace<service>(allocator, argument);
```
The difference is that the latter expects an allocator as the first argument and
uses it to allocate the service itself.<br/>
Once a service is set up, it is retrieved using the `value` function:
```cpp
interface &service = entt::locator<interface>::value();
```
Since the service may not be set (and therefore this function may result in an
undefined behavior), the `has_value` and `value_or` functions are also available
to test a service locator and to get a fallback service in case there is none:
```cpp
if(entt::locator<interface>::has_value()) {
// ...
}
interface &service = entt::locator<interface>::value_or<fallback_impl>(argument);
```
All arguments are used only if necessary, that is, if a service does not already
exist and therefore the fallback service is constructed and returned. In all
other cases, they are discarded.<br/>
Finally, to reset a service, use the `reset` function.
## Opaque handles
Sometimes it is useful to _transfer_ a copy of a service to another locator. For
example, when working across boundaries it is common to _share_ a service with a
dynamically loaded module.<br/>
Options are not much in this case. Among these is the possibility of _exporting_
services and assigning them to a different locator.
This is what the `handle` and `reset` functions are meant for.<br/>
The former returns an opaque object useful for _exporting_ (or rather, obtaining
a reference to) a service. The latter also accepts an optional argument to a
handle which then allows users to reset a service by initializing it with an
opaque handle:
```cpp
auto handle = entt::locator<interface>::handle();
entt::locator<interface>::reset(handle);
```
It is worth noting that it is possible to get handles for uninitialized services
and use them with other locators. Of course, all a user will get is to have an
uninitialized service elsewhere as well.
Note that exporting a service allows users to _share_ the object currently set
in a locator. Replacing it will not replace the element, even where a service
has been configured with a handle to the previous item.<br/>
In other words, if an audio service is replaced with a null object to silence an
application and the original service was shared, this operation will not
propagate to the other locators. Therefore, a module that shares the ownership
of the original audio service is still able to emit sounds.

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# Crash Course: poly
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Other libraries](#other-libraries)
* [Concept and implementation](#concept-and-implementation)
* [Deduced interface](#deduced-interface)
* [Defined interface](#defined-interface)
* [Fulfill a concept](#fulfill-a-concept)
* [Inheritance](#inheritance)
* [Static polymorphism in the wild](#static-polymorphism-in-the-wild)
* [Storage size and alignment requirement](#storage-size-and-alignment-requirement)
# Introduction
Static polymorphism is a very powerful tool in C++, albeit sometimes cumbersome
to obtain.<br/>
This module aims to make it simple and easy to use.
The library allows to define _concepts_ as interfaces to fulfill with concrete
classes without having to inherit from a common base.<br/>
Among others, this is one of the advantages of static polymorphism in general
and of a generic wrapper like that offered by the `poly` class template in
particular.<br/>
The result is an object to pass around as such and not through a reference or a
pointer, as it happens when it comes to working with dynamic polymorphism.
Since the `poly` class template makes use of `entt::any` internally, it also
supports most of its feature. For example, the possibility to create aliases to
existing and thus unmanaged objects. This allows users to exploit the static
polymorphism while maintaining ownership of objects.<br/>
Likewise, the `poly` class template also benefits from the small buffer
optimization offered by the `entt::any` class and therefore minimizes the number
of allocations, avoiding them altogether where possible.
## Other libraries
There are some very interesting libraries regarding static polymorphism.<br/>
The ones that I like more are:
* [`dyno`](https://github.com/ldionne/dyno): runtime polymorphism done right.
* [`Poly`](https://github.com/facebook/folly/blob/master/folly/docs/Poly.md):
a class template that makes it easy to define a type-erasing polymorphic
object wrapper.
The former is admittedly an experimental library, with many interesting ideas.
I have some doubts about the usefulness of some features in real world projects,
but perhaps my lack of experience comes into play here. In my opinion, its only
flaw is the API that I find slightly more cumbersome than other solutions.<br/>
The latter was undoubtedly a source of inspiration for this module. Although I
opted for different choices in the implementation of both the final API and some
features.
Either way, the authors are gurus of the C++ community, people I only have to
learn from.
# Concept and implementation
The first thing to do to create a _type-erasing polymorphic object wrapper_ (to
use the terminology introduced by Eric Niebler) is to define a _concept_ that
types will have to adhere to.<br/>
For this purpose, the library offers a single class that supports both deduced
and fully defined interfaces. Although having interfaces deduced automatically
is convenient and allows users to write less code in most cases, it has some
limitations. It is therefore useful to be able to get around the deduction by
providing a custom definition for the static virtual table.
Once the interface is defined, a generic implementation is needed to fulfill the
concept itself.<br/>
Also in this case, the library allows customizations based on types or families
of types, so as to be able to go beyond the generic case where necessary.
## Deduced interface
This is how a concept with a deduced interface is defined:
```cpp
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<> {
template<typename Base>
struct type: Base {
void draw() { this->template invoke<0>(*this); }
};
// ...
};
```
It is recognizable by the fact that it inherits from an empty type list.<br/>
Functions can also be const, accept any number of parameters and return a type
other than `void`:
```cpp
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<> {
template<typename Base>
struct type: Base {
bool draw(int pt) const { return this->template invoke<0>(*this, pt); }
};
// ...
};
```
In this case, all parameters are passed to `invoke` after the reference to
`this` and the return value is whatever the internal call returns.<br/>
As for `invoke`, this is a name that is injected into the _concept_ through
`Base`, from which one must necessarily inherit. Since it is also a dependent
name, the `this-> template` form is unfortunately necessary due to the rules of
the language. However, there also exists an alternative that goes through an
external call:
```cpp
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<> {
template<typename Base>
struct type: Base {
void draw() const { entt::poly_call<0>(*this); }
};
// ...
};
```
Once the _concept_ is defined, users must provide a generic implementation of it
in order to tell the system how any type can satisfy its requirements. This is
done via an alias template within the concept itself.<br/>
The index passed as a template parameter to either `invoke` or `poly_call`
refers to how this alias is defined.
## Defined interface
A fully defined concept is no different to one for which the interface is
deduced, with the only difference that the list of types is not empty this time:
```cpp
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<void()> {
template<typename Base>
struct type: Base {
void draw() { entt::poly_call<0>(*this); }
};
// ...
};
```
Again, parameters and return values other than `void` are allowed. Also, the
function type must be const when the method to bind to it is const:
```cpp
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<bool(int) const> {
template<typename Base>
struct type: Base {
bool draw(int pt) const { return entt::poly_call<0>(*this, pt); }
};
// ...
};
```
Why should a user fully define a concept if the function types are the same as
the deduced ones?<br>
In fact, this is the limitation that can be worked around by manually defining
the static virtual table.
When things are deduced, there is an implicit constraint.<br/>
If the concept exposes a member function called `draw` with function type
`void()`, a concept is satisfied:
* Either by a class that exposes a member function with the same name and the
same signature.
* Or through a lambda that makes use of existing member functions from the
interface itself.
In other words, it is not possible to make use of functions not belonging to the
interface, even if they are part of the types that fulfill the concept.<br/>
Similarly, it is not possible to deduce a function in the static virtual table
with a function type different from that of the associated member function in
the interface itself.
Explicitly defining a static virtual table suppresses the deduction step and
allows maximum flexibility when providing the implementation for a concept.
## Fulfill a concept
The `impl` alias template of a concept is used to define how it is fulfilled:
```cpp
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<> {
// ...
template<typename Type>
using impl = entt::value_list<&Type::draw>;
};
```
In this case, it is stated that the `draw` method of a generic type is enough to
satisfy the requirements of the `Drawable` concept.<br/>
Both member functions and free functions are supported to fulfill concepts:
```cpp
template<typename Type>
void print(Type &self) { self.print(); }
struct Drawable: entt::type_list<void()> {
// ...
template<typename Type>
using impl = entt::value_list<&print<Type>>;
};
```
Likewise, as long as the parameter types and return type support conversions to
and from those of the function type referenced in the static virtual table, the
actual implementation may differ in its function type since it is erased
internally.<br/>
Moreover, the `self` parameter is not strictly required by the system and can be
left out for free functions if not required.
Refer to the inline documentation for more details.
# Inheritance
_Concept inheritance_ is straightforward due to how poly looks like in `EnTT`.
Therefore, it is quite easy to build hierarchies of concepts if necessary.<br/>
The only constraint is that all concepts in a hierarchy must belong to the same
_family_, that is, they must be either all deduced or all defined.
For a deduced concept, inheritance is achieved in a few steps:
```cpp
struct DrawableAndErasable: entt::type_list<> {
template<typename Base>
struct type: typename Drawable::type<Base> {
static constexpr auto base = Drawable::impl<Drawable::type<entt::poly_inspector>>::size;
void erase() { entt::poly_call<base + 0>(*this); }
};
template<typename Type>
using impl = entt::value_list_cat_t<
typename Drawable::impl<Type>,
entt::value_list<&Type::erase>
>;
};
```
The static virtual table is empty and must remain so.<br/>
On the other hand, `type` no longer inherits from `Base`. Instead, it forwards
its template parameter to the type exposed by the _base class_. Internally, the
_size_ of the static virtual table of the base class is used as an offset for
the local indexes.<br/>
Finally, by means of the `value_list_cat_t` utility, the implementation consists
in appending the new functions to the previous list.
As for a defined concept instead, the list of types is _extended_ in a similar
way to what is shown for the implementation of the above concept.<br/>
To do this, it is useful to declare a function that allows to convert a
_concept_ into its underlying `type_list` object:
```cpp
template<typename... Type>
entt::type_list<Type...> as_type_list(const entt::type_list<Type...> &);
```
The definition is not strictly required, since the function is only used through
a `decltype` as it follows:
```cpp
struct DrawableAndErasable: entt::type_list_cat_t<
decltype(as_type_list(std::declval<Drawable>())),
entt::type_list<void()>> {
// ...
};
```
Similar to above, `type_list_cat_t` is used to concatenate the underlying static
virtual table with the new function types.<br/>
Everything else is the same as already shown instead.
# Static polymorphism in the wild
Once the _concept_ and implementation are defined, it is possible to use the
`poly` class template to _wrap_ instances that meet the requirements:
```cpp
using drawable = entt::poly<Drawable>;
struct circle {
void draw() { /* ... */ }
};
struct square {
void draw() { /* ... */ }
};
// ...
drawable instance{circle{}};
instance->draw();
instance = square{};
instance->draw();
```
This class offers a wide range of constructors, from the default one (which
returns an uninitialized `poly` object) to the copy and move constructors, as
well as the ability to create objects in-place.<br/>
Among others, there is also a constructor that allows users to wrap unmanaged
objects in a `poly` instance (either const or non-const ones):
```cpp
circle shape;
drawable instance{std::in_place_type<circle &>, shape};
```
Similarly, it is possible to create non-owning copies of `poly` from an existing
object:
```cpp
drawable other = instance.as_ref();
```
In both cases, although the interface of the `poly` object does not change, it
does not construct any element or take care of destroying the referenced
objects.
Note also how the underlying concept is accessed via a call to `operator->` and
not directly as `instance.draw()`.<br/>
This allows users to decouple the API of the wrapper from that of the concept.
Therefore, where `instance.data()` invokes the `data` member function of the
poly object, `instance->data()` maps directly to the functionality exposed by
the underlying concept.
# Storage size and alignment requirement
Under the hood, the `poly` class template makes use of `entt::any`. Therefore,
it can take advantage of the possibility of defining at compile-time the size of
the storage suitable for the small buffer optimization as well as the alignment
requirements:
```cpp
entt::basic_poly<Drawable, sizeof(double[4]), alignof(double[4])>
```
The default size is `sizeof(double[2])`, which seems like a good compromise
between a buffer that is too large and one unable to hold anything larger than
an integer. The alignment requirement is optional, and by default such that it
is the most stringent (the largest) for any object whose size is at most equal
to the one provided.<br/>
It is worth noting that providing a size of 0 (which is an accepted value in all
respects) will force the system to dynamically allocate the contained objects in
all cases.

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# Crash Course: cooperative scheduler
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [The process](#the-process)
* [Adaptor](#adaptor)
* [The scheduler](#the-scheduler)
# Introduction
Processes are a useful tool to work around the strict definition of a system and
introduce logic in a different way, usually without resorting to other component
types.<br/>
`EnTT` offers minimal support to this paradigm by introducing a few classes used
to define and execute cooperative processes.
# The process
A typical task inherits from the `process` class template that stays true to the
CRTP idiom. Moreover, derived classes specify what the intended type for elapsed
times is.
A process should expose publicly the following member functions whether needed
(note that it is not required to define a function unless the derived class
wants to _override_ the default behavior):
* `void update(Delta, void *);`
This is invoked once per tick until a process is explicitly aborted or ends
either with or without errors. Technically speaking, this member function is
not strictly required. However, each process should at least define it to work
_properly_. The `void *` parameter is an opaque pointer to user data (if any)
forwarded directly to the process during an update.
* `void init();`
This is invoked when the process joins the running queue of a scheduler. It
happens usually when the process is attached to the scheduler if it is a top
level one, or when it replaces its parent if it is a _continuation_.
* `void succeeded();`
This is invoked in case of success, immediately after an update and during the
same tick.
* `void failed();`
This is invoked in case of errors, immediately after an update and during the
same tick.
* `void aborted();`
This is invoked only if a process is explicitly aborted. There is no guarantee
that it executes in the same tick, it depends solely on whether the process is
aborted immediately or not.
Derived classes can also change the internal state of a process by invoking
`succeed` and `fail`, as well as `pause` and `unpause` the process itself.<br/>
All these are protected member functions made available to manage the life cycle
of a process from a derived class.
Here is a minimal example for the sake of curiosity:
```cpp
struct my_process: entt::process<my_process, std::uint32_t> {
using delta_type = std::uint32_t;
my_process(delta_type delay)
: remaining{delay}
{}
void update(delta_type delta, void *) {
remaining -= std::min(remaining, delta);
// ...
if(!remaining) {
succeed();
}
}
private:
delta_type remaining;
};
```
## Adaptor
Lambdas and functors cannot be used directly with a scheduler because they are
not properly defined processes with managed life cycles.<br/>
This class helps in filling the gap and turning lambdas and functors into
full-featured processes usable by a scheduler.
The function call operator has a signature similar to the one of the `update`
function of a process but for the fact that it receives two extra callbacks to
invoke whenever a process terminates with success or with an error:
```cpp
void(Delta delta, void *data, auto succeed, auto fail);
```
Parameters have the following meaning:
* `delta` is the elapsed time.
* `data` is an opaque pointer to user data if any, `nullptr` otherwise.
* `succeed` is a function to call when a process terminates with success.
* `fail` is a function to call when a process terminates with errors.
Both `succeed` and `fail` accept no parameters at all.
Note that usually users should not worry about creating adaptors at all. A
scheduler creates them internally, each and every time a lambda or a functor is
used as a process.
# The scheduler
A cooperative scheduler runs different processes and helps manage their life
cycles.
Each process is invoked once per tick. If it terminates, it is removed
automatically from the scheduler, and it is never invoked again. Otherwise,
it is a good candidate to run one more time the next tick.<br/>
A process can also have a _child_. In this case, the parent process is replaced
with its child when it terminates and only if it returns with success. In case
of errors, both the parent process and its child are discarded. This way, it is
easy to create a chain of processes to run sequentially.
Using a scheduler is straightforward. To create it, users must provide only the
type for the elapsed times and no arguments at all:
```cpp
entt::basic_scheduler<std::uint64_t> scheduler;
```
Otherwise, the `scheduler` alias is also available for the most common cases. It
uses `std::uint32_t` as a default type:
```cpp
entt::scheduler scheduler;
```
The class has member functions to query its internal data structures, like
`empty` or `size`, as well as a `clear` utility to reset it to a clean state:
```cpp
// checks if there are processes still running
const auto empty = scheduler.empty();
// gets the number of processes still running
entt::scheduler::size_type size = scheduler.size();
// resets the scheduler to its initial state and discards all the processes
scheduler.clear();
```
To attach a process to a scheduler, there are mainly two ways:
* If the process inherits from the `process` class template, it is enough to
indicate its type and submit all the parameters required to construct it to
the `attach` member function:
```cpp
scheduler.attach<my_process>(1000u);
```
* Otherwise, in case of a lambda or a functor, it is enough to provide an
instance of the class to the `attach` member function:
```cpp
scheduler.attach([](auto...){ /* ... */ });
```
In both cases, the scheduler is returned and its `then` member function can be
used to create chains of processes to run sequentially.<br/>
As a minimal example of use:
```cpp
// schedules a task in the form of a lambda function
scheduler.attach([](auto delta, void *, auto succeed, auto fail) {
// ...
})
// appends a child in the form of another lambda function
.then([](auto delta, void *, auto succeed, auto fail) {
// ...
})
// appends a child in the form of a process class
.then<my_process>(1000u);
```
To update a scheduler and therefore all its processes, the `update` member
function is the way to go:
```cpp
// updates all the processes, no user data are provided
scheduler.update(delta);
// updates all the processes and provides them with custom data
scheduler.update(delta, &data);
```
In addition to these functions, the scheduler offers an `abort` member function
that is used to discard all the running processes at once:
```cpp
// aborts all the processes abruptly ...
scheduler.abort(true);
// ... or gracefully during the next tick
scheduler.abort();
```

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# Similar projects
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Similar projects](#similar-projects)
# Introduction
There are many projects similar to `EnTT`, both open source and not.<br/>
Some even borrowed some ideas from this library and expressed them in different
languages.<br/>
Others developed different architectures from scratch and therefore offer
alternative solutions with their pros and cons.
If you know of other similar projects out there, feel free to open an issue or a
PR, and I will be glad to add them to this page.<br/>
I hope the following lists can grow much more in the future.
# Similar projects
Below an incomplete list of similar projects that I have come across so
far.<br/>
If some terms or designs are not clear, I recommend referring to the
[_ECS Back and Forth_](https://skypjack.github.io/tags/#ecs) series for all the
details.
* C:
* [destral_ecs](https://github.com/roig/destral_ecs): a single-file ECS based
on sparse sets.
* [Diana](https://github.com/discoloda/Diana): an ECS that uses sparse sets to
keep track of entities in systems.
* [Flecs](https://github.com/SanderMertens/flecs): a multithreaded archetype
ECS based on semi-contiguous arrays rather than chunks.
* [lent](https://github.com/nem0/lent): the Donald Trump of the ECS libraries.
* C++:
* [decs](https://github.com/vblanco20-1/decs): a chunk-based archetype ECS.
* [ecst](https://github.com/SuperV1234/ecst): a multithreaded compile-time
ECS that uses sparse sets to keep track of entities in systems.
* [EntityX](https://github.com/alecthomas/entityx): a bitset based ECS that
uses a single large matrix of components indexed with entities.
* [Gaia-ECS](https://github.com/richardbiely/gaia-ecs): a chunk-based
archetype ECS.
* [Polypropylene](https://github.com/pmbittner/Polypropylene): a hybrid
solution between an ECS and dynamic mixins.
* C#
* [Arch](https://github.com/genaray/Arch): a simple, fast and _unity entities_
inspired archetype ECS with optional multithreading.
* [Entitas](https://github.com/sschmid/Entitas-CSharp): the ECS framework for
C# and Unity, where _reactive systems_ were invented.
* [Fennecs](https://github.com/outfox/fennecs): the little archetype ECS that
loves you back.
* [Friflo ECS](https://github.com/friflo/Friflo.Engine.ECS): an archetype ECS
with focus on performance and minimal GC allocations.
* [LeoECS](https://github.com/Leopotam/ecs): simple lightweight C# Entity
Component System framework.
* [Massive ECS](https://github.com/nilpunch/massive): sparse set based ECS
featuring rollbacks.
* [Svelto.ECS](https://github.com/sebas77/Svelto.ECS): a very interesting
platform-agnostic and table-based ECS framework.
* Go:
* [gecs](https://github.com/tutumagi/gecs): a sparse sets based ECS inspired
by `EnTT`.
* Javascript:
* [\@javelin/ecs](https://github.com/3mcd/javelin/tree/master/packages/ecs):
an archetype ECS in TypeScript.
* [ecsy](https://github.com/MozillaReality/ecsy): I have not had the time to
investigate the underlying design of `ecsy` but it looks cool anyway.
* Perl:
* [Game::Entities](https://gitlab.com/jjatria/perl-game-entities): a simple
entity registry for ECS designs inspired by `EnTT`.
* Raku:
* [Game::Entities](https://gitlab.com/jjatria/raku-game-entities): a simple
entity registry for ECS designs inspired by `EnTT`.
* Rust:
* [Shipyard](https://github.com/leudz/shipyard): it borrows some ideas from
`EnTT` and offers a sparse sets based ECS with grouping functionalities.
* [Sparsey](https://github.com/LechintanTudor/sparsey): sparse set based ECS
written in Rust.
* [Specs](https://github.com/amethyst/specs): a parallel ECS based mainly on
hierarchical bitsets that allows different types of storage as needed.
* Zig
* [zig-ecs](https://github.com/prime31/zig-ecs): a _zig-ification_ of `EnTT`.

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# Crash Course: resource management
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [The resource, the loader and the cache](#the-resource-the-loader-and-the-cache)
* [Resource handle](#resource-handle)
* [Loaders](#loaders)
* [The cache class](#the-cache-class)
# Introduction
Resource management is usually one of the most critical parts of a game.
Solutions are often tuned to the particular application. There exist several
approaches and all of them are perfectly fine as long as they fit the
requirements of the piece of software in which they are used.<br/>
Examples are loading everything on start, loading on request, predictive
loading, and so on.
`EnTT` does not pretend to offer a _one-fits-all_ solution for the different
cases.<br/>
Instead, the library comes with a minimal, general purpose resource cache that
might be useful in many cases.
# The resource, the loader and the cache
Resource, loader and cache are the three main actors for the purpose.<br/>
The _resource_ is an image, an audio, a video or any other type:
```cpp
struct my_resource { const int value; };
```
The _loader_ is a callable type, the aim of which is to load a specific
resource:
```cpp
struct my_loader final {
using result_type = std::shared_ptr<my_resource>;
result_type operator()(int value) const {
// ...
return std::make_shared<my_resource>(value);
}
};
```
Its function operator can accept any arguments and should return a value of the
declared result type (`std::shared_ptr<my_resource>` in the example).<br/>
A loader can also overload its function call operator to make it possible to
construct the same or another resource from different lists of arguments.
Finally, a cache is a specialization of a class template tailored to a specific
resource and (optionally) a loader:
```cpp
using my_cache = entt::resource_cache<my_resource, my_loader>;
// ...
my_cache cache{};
```
The class is designed to create different caches for different resource types
and to manage each one independently in the most appropriate way.<br/>
As a (very) trivial example, audio tracks can survive in most of the scenes of
an application while meshes can be associated with a single scene only, then
discarded when a player leaves it.
## Resource handle
Resources are not returned directly to the caller. Instead, they are wrapped in
a _resource handle_, an instance of the `entt::resource` class template.<br/>
For those who know the _flyweight design pattern_ already, that is exactly what
it is. To all others, this is the time to brush up on some notions instead.
A shared pointer could have been used as a resource handle. In fact, the default
implementation mostly maps the interface of its standard counterpart and only
adds a few things on top of it.<br/>
However, the handle in `EnTT` is designed as a standalone class template. This
is due to the fact that specializing a class in the standard library is often
undefined behavior while having the ability to specialize the handle for one,
more or all resource types could help over time.
## Loaders
A loader is responsible for _loading_ resources (quite obviously).<br/>
By default, it is just a callable object that forwards its arguments to the
resource itself. That is, a _passthrough type_. All the work is demanded to the
constructor(s) of the resource itself.<br/>
Loaders also are fully customizable as expected.
A custom loader is a class with at least one function call operator and a member
type named `result_type`.<br/>
The loader is not required to return a resource handle. As long as `return_type`
is suitable for constructing a handle, that is fine.
When using the default handle, it expects a resource type which is convertible
to or suitable for constructing an `std::shared_ptr<Type>` (where `Type` is the
actual resource type).<br/>
In other terms, the loader should return shared pointers to the given resource
type. However, this is not mandatory. Users can easily get around this
constraint by specializing both the handle and the loader.
A cache forwards all its arguments to the loader if required. This means that
loaders can also support tag dispatching to offer different loading policies:
```cpp
struct my_loader {
using result_type = std::shared_ptr<my_resource>;
struct from_disk_tag{};
struct from_network_tag{};
template<typename Args>
result_type operator()(from_disk_tag, Args&&... args) {
// ...
return std::make_shared<my_resource>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
template<typename Args>
result_type operator()(from_network_tag, Args&&... args) {
// ...
return std::make_shared<my_resource>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
}
```
This makes the whole loading logic quite flexible and easy to extend over time.
## The cache class
The cache is the class that is asked to _connect the dots_.<br/>
It loads the resources, stores them aside and returns handles as needed:
```cpp
entt::resource_cache<my_resource, my_loader> cache{};
```
Under the hood, a cache is nothing more than a map where the key value has type
`entt::id_type` while the mapped value is whatever type its loader returns.<br/>
For this reason, it offers most of the functionalities a user would expect from
a map, such as `empty` or `size` and so on. Similarly, it is an iterable type
that also supports indexing by resource id:
```cpp
for(auto [id, res]: cache) {
// ...
}
if(entt::resource<my_resource> res = cache["resource/id"_hs]; res) {
// ...
}
```
Please, refer to the inline documentation for all the details about the other
functions (such as `contains` or `erase`).
Set aside the part of the API that this class _shares_ with a map, it also adds
something on top of it in order to address the most common requirements of a
resource cache.<br/>
In particular, it does not have an `emplace` member function which is replaced
by `load` and `force_load` instead (where the former loads a new resource only
if not present while the second triggers a forced loading in any case):
```cpp
auto ret = cache.load("resource/id"_hs);
// true only if the resource was not already present
const bool loaded = ret.second;
// takes the resource handle pointed to by the returned iterator
entt::resource<my_resource> res = ret.first->second;
```
Note that the hashed string is used for convenience in the example above.<br/>
Resource identifiers are nothing more than integral values. Therefore, plain
numbers as well as non-class enum value are accepted.
It is worth mentioning that the iterators of a cache as well as its indexing
operators return resource handles rather than instances of the mapped type.<br/>
Since the cache has no control over the loader and a resource is not required to
also be convertible to bool, these handles can be invalid. This usually means an
error in the user logic, but it may also be an _expected_ event.<br/>
It is therefore recommended to verify handles validity with a check in debug
(for example, when loading) or an appropriate logic in retail.

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# Crash Course: events, signals and everything in between
# Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Delegate](#delegate)
* [Runtime arguments](#runtime-arguments)
* [Lambda support](#lambda-support)
* [Raw access](#raw-access)
* [Signals](#signals)
* [Event dispatcher](#event-dispatcher)
* [Named queues](#named-queues)
* [Event emitter](#event-emitter)
# Introduction
Signals are more often than not a core part of games and software architectures
in general.<br/>
They help to decouple the various parts of a system while allowing them to
communicate with each other somehow.
The so-called _modern C++_ comes with a tool that can be useful in this regard,
the `std::function`. As an example, it can be used to create delegates.<br/>
However, there is no guarantee that an `std::function` does not perform
allocations under the hood and this could be problematic sometimes. Furthermore,
it solves a problem but may not adapt well to other requirements that may arise
from time to time.
In case that the flexibility and power of an `std::function` is not required or
if the price to pay for them is too high, `EnTT` offers a complete set of
lightweight classes to solve the same and many other problems.
# Delegate
A delegate can be used as a general purpose invoker with no memory overhead for
free functions, lambdas and members provided along with an instance on which to
invoke them.<br/>
It does not claim to be a drop-in replacement for an `std::function`, so do not
expect to use it whenever an `std::function` fits well. That said, it is most
likely even a better fit than an `std::function` in a lot of cases, so expect to
use it quite a lot anyway.
The interface is trivial. It offers a default constructor to create empty
delegates:
```cpp
entt::delegate<int(int)> delegate{};
```
What is needed to create an instance is to specify the type of the function the
delegate _accepts_, that is the signature of the functions it models.<br/>
However, attempting to use an empty delegate by invoking its function call
operator results in undefined behavior or most likely a crash.
There exist a few overloads of the `connect` member function to initialize a
delegate:
```cpp
int f(int i) { return i; }
struct my_struct {
int f(const int &i) const { return i; }
};
// bind a free function to the delegate
delegate.connect<&f>();
// bind a member function to the delegate
my_struct instance;
delegate.connect<&my_struct::f>(instance);
```
The delegate class also accepts data members, if needed. In this case, the
function type of the delegate is such that the parameter list is empty and the
value of the data member is at least convertible to the return type.
Free functions having type equivalent to `void(T &, args...)` are accepted as
well. The first argument `T &` is considered a payload, and the function will
receive it back every time it is invoked. In other terms, this works just fine
with the above definition:
```cpp
void g(const char &c, int i) { /* ... */ }
const char c = 'c';
delegate.connect<&g>(c);
delegate(42);
```
Function `g` is invoked with a reference to `c` and `42`. However, the function
type of the delegate is still `void(int)`. This is also the signature of its
function call operator.<br/>
Another interesting aspect of the delegate class is that it accepts functions
with a list of parameters that is shorter than that of its function type:
```cpp
void g() { /* ... */ }
delegate.connect<&g>();
delegate(42);
```
Where the function type of the delegate is `void(int)` as above. It goes without
saying that the extra arguments are silently discarded internally. This is a
nice-to-have feature in a lot of cases, as an example when the `delegate` class
is used as a building block of a signal-slot system.<br/>
In fact, this filtering works both ways. The class tries to pass its first
_count_ arguments **first**, then the last _count_. Watch out for conversion
rules if in doubt when connecting a listener!<br/>
Arbitrary functions that pull random arguments from the delegate list are not
supported instead. Other features were preferred, such as support for functions
with compatible argument lists although not equal to those of the delegate.
To create and initialize a delegate at once, there are a few specialized
constructors. Because of the rules of the language, the listener is provided by
means of the `entt::connect_arg` variable template:
```cpp
entt::delegate<int(int)> func{entt::connect_arg<&f>};
```
Aside `connect`, a `disconnect` counterpart is not provided. Instead, there
exists a `reset` member function to use to clear a delegate.<br/>
To know if a delegate is empty, it can be used explicitly in every conditional
statement:
```cpp
if(delegate) {
// ...
}
```
Finally, to invoke a delegate, the function call operator is the way to go as
already shown in the examples above:
```cpp
auto ret = delegate(42);
```
In all cases, listeners do not have to strictly follow the signature of the
delegate. As long as a listener can be invoked with the given arguments to yield
a result that is convertible to the given result type, everything works just
fine.
As a side note, members of classes may or may not be associated with instances.
If they are not, the first argument of the function type must be that of the
class on which the members operate, and an instance of this class must obviously
be passed when invoking the delegate:
```cpp
entt::delegate<void(my_struct &, int)> delegate;
delegate.connect<&my_struct::f>();
my_struct instance;
delegate(instance, 42);
```
In this case, it is not possible to _deduce_ the function type since the first
argument does not necessarily have to be a reference (for example, it can be a
pointer, as well as a const reference).<br/>
Therefore, the function type must be declared explicitly for unbound members.
## Runtime arguments
The `delegate` class is meant to be used primarily with template arguments.
However, as a consequence of its design, it also offers minimal support for
runtime arguments.<br/>
When used like this, some features are not supported though. In particular:
* Curried functions are not accepted.
* Functions with an argument list that differs from that of the delegate are not
supported.
* Return type and types of arguments **must** coincide with those of the
delegate and _being at least convertible_ is not enough anymore.
Moreover, for a given function type `Ret(Args...)`, the signature of the
functions connected at runtime must necessarily be `Ret(const void *, Args...)`.
Runtime arguments can be passed both to the constructor of a delegate and to the
`connect` member function. An optional parameter is also accepted in both cases.
This argument is used to pass arbitrary user data back and forth as a
`const void *` upon invocation.<br/>
To connect a function to a delegate _in the hard way_:
```cpp
int func(const void *ptr, int i) { return *static_cast<const int *>(ptr) * i; }
const int value = 42;
// use the constructor ...
entt::delegate delegate{&func, &value};
// ... or the connect member function
delegate.connect(&func, &value);
```
The type of the delegate is deduced from the function if possible. In this case,
since the first argument is an implementation detail, the deduced function type
is `int(int)`.<br/>
Invoking a delegate built in this way follows the same rules as previously
explained.
## Lambda support
In general, the `delegate` class does not fully support lambda functions in all
their nuances. The reason is pretty simple: a `delegate` is not a drop-in
replacement for an `std::function`. Instead, it tries to overcome the problems
with the latter.<br/>
That being said, non-capturing lambda functions are supported, even though some
features are not available in this case.
This is a logical consequence of the support for connecting functions at
runtime. Therefore, lambda functions undergo the same rules and
limitations.<br/>
In fact, since non-capturing lambda functions decay to pointers to functions,
they can be used with a `delegate` as if they were _normal functions_ with
optional payload:
```cpp
my_struct instance;
// use the constructor ...
entt::delegate delegate{+[](const void *ptr, int value) {
return static_cast<const my_struct *>(ptr)->f(value);
}, &instance};
// ... or the connect member function
delegate.connect([](const void *ptr, int value) {
return static_cast<const my_struct *>(ptr)->f(value);
}, &instance);
```
As above, the first parameter (`const void *`) is not part of the function type
of the delegate and is used to dispatch arbitrary user data back and forth. In
other terms, the function type of the delegate above is `int(int)`.
## Raw access
While not recommended, a delegate also allows direct access to the stored
callable function target and underlying data, if any.<br/>
This makes it possible to bypass the behavior of the delegate itself and force
calls on different instances:
```cpp
my_struct other;
delegate.target(&other, 42);
```
It goes without saying that this type of approach is **very** risky, especially
since there is no way of knowing whether the contained function was originally a
member function of some class, a free function or a lambda.<br/>
Another possible (and meaningful) use of this feature is that of identifying a
particular delegate through its descriptive _traits_ instead.
# Signals
Signal handlers work with references to classes, function pointers, and pointers
to members. Listeners can be any kind of objects, and users are in charge of
connecting and disconnecting them from a signal to avoid crashes due to
different lifetimes. On the other side, performance should not be affected that
much by the presence of such a signal handler.<br/>
Signals make use of delegates internally, and therefore they undergo the same
rules and offer similar functionalities. It may be a good idea to consult the
documentation of the `delegate` class for further information.
A signal handler is can be used as a private data member without exposing any
_publish_ functionality to the clients of a class.<br/>
The basic idea is to impose a clear separation between the signal itself and the
`sink` class, that is a tool to be used to connect and disconnect listeners on
the fly.
The API of a signal handler is straightforward. If a collector is supplied to
the signal when something is published, all the values returned by its listeners
are literally _collected_ and used later by the caller. Otherwise, the class
works just like a plain signal that emits events from time to time.<br/>
To create instances of signal handlers it is sufficient to provide the type of
function to which they refer:
```cpp
entt::sigh<void(int, char)> signal;
```
Signals offer all the basic functionalities required to know how many listeners
they contain (`size`) or if they contain at least a listener (`empty`), as well
as a function to use to swap handlers (`swap`).
Besides them, there are member functions to use both to connect and disconnect
listeners in all their forms by means of a sink:
```cpp
void foo(int, char) { /* ... */ }
struct listener {
void bar(const int &, char) { /* ... */ }
};
// ...
entt::sink sink{signal};
listener instance;
sink.connect<&foo>();
sink.connect<&listener::bar>(instance);
// ...
// disconnects a free function
sink.disconnect<&foo>();
// disconnect a member function of an instance
sink.disconnect<&listener::bar>(instance);
// disconnect all member functions of an instance, if any
sink.disconnect(&instance);
// discards all listeners at once
sink.disconnect();
```
As shown above, listeners do not have to strictly follow the signature of the
signal. As long as a listener can be invoked with the given arguments to yield a
result that is convertible to the given return type, everything works just
fine.<br/>
In all cases, the `connect` member function returns by default a `connection`
object to be used as an alternative to break a connection by means of its
`release` member function.<br/>
A `scoped_connection` can also be created from a connection. In this case, the
link is broken automatically as soon as the object goes out of scope.
Once listeners are attached (or even if there are no listeners at all), events
and data in general are published through a signal by means of the `publish`
member function:
```cpp
signal.publish(42, 'c');
```
To collect data, the `collect` member function is used instead:
```cpp
int f() { return 0; }
int g() { return 1; }
// ...
entt::sigh<int()> signal;
entt::sink sink{signal};
sink.connect<&f>();
sink.connect<&g>();
std::vector<int> vec{};
signal.collect([&vec](int value) { vec.push_back(value); });
assert(vec[0] == 0);
assert(vec[1] == 1);
```
A collector must expose a function operator that accepts as an argument a type
to which the return type of the listeners can be converted. Moreover, it can
optionally return a boolean value that is true to stop collecting data, false
otherwise. This way one can avoid calling all the listeners in case it is not
necessary.<br/>
Functors can also be used in place of a lambda. Since the collector is copied
when invoking the `collect` member function, `std::ref` is the way to go in this
case:
```cpp
struct my_collector {
std::vector<int> vec{};
bool operator()(int v) {
vec.push_back(v);
return true;
}
};
// ...
my_collector collector;
signal.collect(std::ref(collector));
```
# Event dispatcher
The event dispatcher class allows users to trigger immediate events or to queue
and publish them all together later.<br/>
This class lazily instantiates its queues. Therefore, it is not necessary to
_announce_ the event types in advance:
```cpp
// define a general purpose dispatcher
entt::dispatcher dispatcher{};
```
A listener registered with a dispatcher is such that its type offers one or more
member functions that take arguments of type `Event &` for any type of event,
regardless of the return value.<br/>
These functions are linked directly via `connect` to a _sink_:
```cpp
struct an_event { int value; };
struct another_event {};
struct listener {
void receive(const an_event &) { /* ... */ }
void method(const another_event &) { /* ... */ }
};
// ...
listener listener;
dispatcher.sink<an_event>().connect<&listener::receive>(listener);
dispatcher.sink<another_event>().connect<&listener::method>(listener);
```
Note that connecting listeners within event handlers can result in undefined
behavior.<br/>
The `disconnect` member function is used to remove one listener at a time or all
of them at once:
```cpp
dispatcher.sink<an_event>().disconnect<&listener::receive>(listener);
dispatcher.sink<another_event>().disconnect(&listener);
```
The `trigger` member function serves the purpose of sending an immediate event
to all the listeners registered so far:
```cpp
dispatcher.trigger(an_event{42});
dispatcher.trigger<another_event>();
```
Listeners are invoked immediately, order of execution is not guaranteed. This
method can be used to push around urgent messages like an _is terminating_
notification on a mobile app.
On the other hand, the `enqueue` member function queues messages together and
helps to maintain control over the moment they are sent to listeners:
```cpp
dispatcher.enqueue<an_event>(42);
dispatcher.enqueue(another_event{});
```
Events are stored aside until the `update` member function is invoked:
```cpp
// emits all the events of the given type at once
dispatcher.update<an_event>();
// emits all the events queued so far at once
dispatcher.update();
```
This way users can embed the dispatcher in a loop and literally dispatch events
once per tick to their systems.
## Named queues
All queues within a dispatcher are associated by default with an event type and
then retrieved from it.<br/>
However, it is possible to create queues with different _names_ (and therefore
also multiple queues for a single type). In fact, more or less all functions
also take an additional parameter. As an example:
```cpp
dispatcher.sink<an_event>("custom"_hs).connect<&listener::receive>(listener);
```
In this case, the term _name_ is misused as these are actual numeric identifiers
of type `id_type`.<br/>
An exception to this rule is the `enqueue` function. There is no additional
parameter for it but rather a different function:
```cpp
dispatcher.enqueue_hint<an_event>("custom"_hs, 42);
```
This is mainly due to the template argument deduction rules, and there is no
real (elegant) way to avoid it.
# Event emitter
A general purpose event emitter thought mainly for those cases where it comes to
working with asynchronous stuff.<br/>
Originally designed to fit the requirements of
[`uvw`](https://github.com/skypjack/uvw) (a wrapper for `libuv` written in
modern C++), it was adapted later to be included in this library.
To create an emitter type, derived classes must inherit from the base as:
```cpp
struct my_emitter: emitter<my_emitter> {
// ...
}
```
Handlers for the different events are created internally on the fly. It is not
required to specify in advance the full list of accepted events.<br/>
Moreover, whenever an event is published, an emitter also passes a reference
to itself to its listeners.
To create new instances of an emitter, no arguments are required:
```cpp
my_emitter emitter{};
```
Listeners are movable and callable objects (free functions, lambdas, functors,
`std::function`s, whatever) whose function type is compatible with:
```cpp
void(Type &, my_emitter &)
```
Where `Type` is the type of event they want to receive.<br/>
To attach a listener to an emitter, there exists the `on` member function:
```cpp
emitter.on<my_event>([](const my_event &event, my_emitter &emitter) {
// ...
});
```
Similarly, the `reset` member function is used to disconnect listeners given a
type while `clear` is used to disconnect all listeners at once:
```cpp
// resets the listener for my_event
emitter.erase<my_event>();
// resets all listeners
emitter.clear()
```
To send an event to the listener registered on a given type, the `publish`
function is the way to go:
```cpp
struct my_event { int i; };
// ...
emitter.publish(my_event{42});
```
Finally, the `empty` member function tests if there exists at least a listener
registered with the event emitter while `contains` is used to check if a given
event type is associated with a valid listener:
```cpp
if(emitter.contains<my_event>()) {
// ...
}
```
This class introduces a _nice-to-have_ model based on events and listeners.<br/>
More in general, it is a handy tool when the derived classes _wrap_ asynchronous
operations, but it is not limited to such uses.

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# EnTT and Unreal Engine
# Table of Contents
* [Enable Cpp17](#enable-cpp17)
* [EnTT as a third party module](#entt-as-a-third-party-module)
* [Include EnTT](#include-entt)
## Enable Cpp17
> Skip this part if you are working with UE5, Since UE5 uses cpp17 by default.
As of writing (Unreal Engine v4.25), the default C++ standard of Unreal Engine
is C++14.<br/>
On the other hand, note that `EnTT` requires C++17 to compile. To enable it, in
the main module of the project there should be a `<Game Name>.Build.cs` file,
the constructor of which must contain the following lines:
```cs
PCHUsage = PCHUsageMode.NoSharedPCHs;
PrivatePCHHeaderFile = "<PCH filename>.h";
CppStandard = CppStandardVersion.Cpp17;
```
Replace `<PCH filename>.h` with the name of the already existing PCH header
file, if any.<br/>
In case the project does not already contain a file of this type, it is possible
to create one with the following content:
```cpp
#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
```
Remember to remove any old `PCHUsage = <...>` line that was previously there. At
this point, C++17 support should be in place.<br/>
Try to compile the project to ensure it works as expected before following
further steps.
Note that updating a *project* to C++17 does not necessarily mean that the IDE
in use will also start to recognize its syntax.<br/>
If the plan is to use C++17 in the project too, check the specific instructions
for the IDE in use.
## EnTT as a third party module
Once this point is reached, the `Source` directory should look like this:
```
Source
| MyGame.Target.cs
| MyGameEditor.Target.cs
|
+---MyGame
| | MyGame.Build.cs
| | MyGame.h (PCH Header file)
|
\---ThirdParty
\---EnTT
| EnTT.Build.cs
|
\---entt (GitHub repository content inside)
```
To make this happen, create the folder `ThirdParty` under `Source` if it does
not exist already. Then, add an `EnTT` folder under `ThirdParty`.<br/>
Within the latter, create a new file `EnTT.Build.cs` with the following content:
```cs
using System.IO;
using UnrealBuildTool;
public class EnTT: ModuleRules {
public EnTT(ReadOnlyTargetRules Target) : base(Target) {
Type = ModuleType.External;
PublicIncludePaths.Add(Path.Combine(ModuleDirectory, "entt", "src", "entt"));
}
}
```
The last line indicates that the actual files will be found in the directory
`EnTT/entt/src/entt`.<br/>
Download the repository for `EnTT` and place it next to `EnTT.Build.cs` or
update the path above accordingly.
Finally, open the `<Game Name>.Build.cs` file and add `EnTT` as a dependency at
the end of the list:
```cs
PublicDependencyModuleNames.AddRange(new[] {
"Core", "CoreUObject", "Engine", "InputCore", [...], "EnTT"
});
```
Note that some IDEs might require a restart to start recognizing the new module
for code-highlighting features and such.
## Include EnTT
In any source file of the project, add `#include "entt.hpp"` or any other path
to the file from `EnTT` to use it.<br/>
Try to create a registry as `entt::registry registry;` to make sure everything
compiles fine.

52
lib/All/entt/entt.imp Normal file
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[
# gtest only
{ "include": [ "@<gtest/internal/.*>", "private", "<gtest/gtest.h>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@<gtest/gtest-.*>", "private", "<gtest/gtest.h>", "public" ] },
# forward files
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/container/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/container/dense_map.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/container/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/container/dense_set.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/container/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/container/table.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/any.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/compressed_pair.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/family.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/hashed_string.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/ident.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/monostate.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/type_info.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/core/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/core/type_traits.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/component.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/entity.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/group.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/handle.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/helper.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/mixin.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/organizer.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/ranges.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/registry.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/runtime_view.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/snapshot.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/sparse_set.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/storage.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/entity/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/entity/view.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/graph/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/graph/adjacency_matrix.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/graph/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/graph/dot.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/graph/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/graph/flow.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/meta/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/meta/meta.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/poly/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/poly/poly.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/process/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/process/process.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/process/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/process/scheduler.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/resource/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/resource/cache.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/resource/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/resource/loader.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/resource/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/resource/resource.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/signal/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/signal/delegate.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/signal/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/signal/dispatcher.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/signal/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/signal/emitter.hpp>", "public" ] },
{ "include": [ "@[\"<].*/signal/fwd\\.hpp[\">]", "private", "<entt/signal/sigh.hpp>", "public" ] },
# symbols
{ symbol: [ "std::allocator", private, "<entt/container/fwd.hpp>", public ] },
{ symbol: [ "std::allocator", private, "<entt/entity/fwd.hpp>", public ] },
{ symbol: [ "std::allocator", private, "<entt/graph/fwd.hpp>", public ] },
{ symbol: [ "std::allocator", private, "<entt/process/fwd.hpp>", public ] },
{ symbol: [ "std::allocator", private, "<entt/resource/fwd.hpp>", public ] },
{ symbol: [ "std::allocator", private, "<entt/signal/fwd.hpp>", public ] }
]

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::dense_map&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="size" Expression="packed.first_base::value.size()"/>
<Intrinsic Name="bucket_count" Expression="sparse.first_base::value.size()"/>
<DisplayString>{{ size={ size() } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[capacity]" ExcludeView="simple">packed.first_base::value.capacity()</Item>
<Item Name="[bucket_count]" ExcludeView="simple">bucket_count()</Item>
<Item Name="[load_factor]" ExcludeView="simple">(float)size() / (float)bucket_count()</Item>
<Item Name="[max_load_factor]" ExcludeView="simple">threshold</Item>
<IndexListItems>
<Size>size()</Size>
<ValueNode>packed.first_base::value[$i].element</ValueNode>
</IndexListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::dense_set&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="size" Expression="packed.first_base::value.size()"/>
<Intrinsic Name="bucket_count" Expression="sparse.first_base::value.size()"/>
<DisplayString>{{ size={ size() } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[capacity]" ExcludeView="simple">packed.first_base::value.capacity()</Item>
<Item Name="[bucket_count]" ExcludeView="simple">bucket_count()</Item>
<Item Name="[load_factor]" ExcludeView="simple">(float)size() / (float)bucket_count()</Item>
<Item Name="[max_load_factor]" ExcludeView="simple">threshold</Item>
<IndexListItems>
<Size>size()</Size>
<ValueNode>packed.first_base::value[$i].second</ValueNode>
</IndexListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_table&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{ payload }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>payload</ExpandedItem>
</Expand>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::basic_any&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ type={ info->alias,na }, policy={ mode,en } }}</DisplayString>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::compressed_pair&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="first" Optional="true" Expression="((first_base*)this)->value"/>
<Intrinsic Name="first" Optional="true" Expression="*(first_base::base_type*)this"/>
<Intrinsic Name="second" Optional="true" Expression="((second_base*)this)->value"/>
<Intrinsic Name="second" Optional="true" Expression="*(second_base::base_type*)this"/>
<DisplayString>({ first() }, { second() })</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[first]">first()</Item>
<Item Name="[second]">second()</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_hashed_string&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString Condition="base_type::repr != nullptr">{{ hash={ base_type::hash } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[data]">base_type::repr,na</Item>
<Item Name="[length]">base_type::length</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::type_info">
<DisplayString>{{ name={ alias,na } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[hash]">identifier</Item>
<Item Name="[index]">seq</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::basic_registry&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ pools={ pools.size() } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[entities]">entities</Item>
<Synthetic Name="[pools]">
<DisplayString>{ pools.size() }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0" />
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="pools.size()"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<Item Name="[{ pools.packed.first_base::value[pos].element.first }]">
*pools.packed.first_base::value[pos].element.second,view(simple)
</Item>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Synthetic>
<Item Name="[groups]">groups.size()</Item>
<Synthetic Name="[vars]">
<DisplayString>{ vars.ctx.size() }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0" />
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="vars.ctx.size()"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<Item Name="[{ vars.ctx.packed.first_base::value[pos].element.first }]">
vars.ctx.packed.first_base::value[pos].element.second
</Item>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Synthetic>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_sparse_set&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="is_valid_position" Expression="sparse[page] &amp;&amp; ((*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;sparse[page][offset]) &amp; traits_type::entity_mask) != traits_type::entity_mask)">
<Parameter Name="page" Type="traits_type::entity_type"/>
<Parameter Name="offset" Type="traits_type::entity_type"/>
</Intrinsic>
<Intrinsic Name="is_valid_entity" Expression="!traits_type::version_mask || (*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;entity) &lt; (traits_type::version_mask &lt;&lt; traits_type::length))">
<Parameter Name="entity" Type="const traits_type::value_type &amp;"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString>{{ size={ packed.size() }, type={ info->alias,na } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[capacity]" ExcludeView="simple">packed.capacity()</Item>
<Item Name="[policy]" ExcludeView="simple">mode,en</Item>
<Item Name="[free_list]" ExcludeView="simple">head</Item>
<Synthetic Name="[sparse]">
<DisplayString>{ sparse.size() * traits_type::page_size }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0"/>
<Variable Name="page" InitialValue="0"/>
<Variable Name="offset" InitialValue="0"/>
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="sparse.size() * traits_type::page_size"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<Exec>page = pos / traits_type::page_size</Exec>
<Exec>offset = pos &amp; (traits_type::page_size - 1)</Exec>
<If Condition="is_valid_position(page, offset)">
<Item Name="[{ pos }]">*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;sparse[page][offset]) &amp; traits_type::entity_mask</Item>
</If>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Synthetic>
<Synthetic Name="[packed]">
<DisplayString>{ packed.size() }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0"/>
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="packed.size()"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<If Condition="is_valid_entity(packed[pos])">
<Item Name="[{ pos }]">packed[pos]</Item>
</If>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Synthetic>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_storage&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="is_valid_entity" Expression="!base_type::traits_type::version_mask || (*((base_type::traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;entity) &lt; (base_type::traits_type::version_mask &lt;&lt; base_type::traits_type::length))">
<Parameter Name="entity" Type="const base_type::traits_type::value_type &amp;"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString>{{ size={ base_type::packed.size() }, type={ base_type::info->alias,na } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[capacity]" Optional="true" ExcludeView="simple">payload.capacity() * traits_type::page_size</Item>
<Item Name="[page size]" Optional="true" ExcludeView="simple">traits_type::page_size</Item>
<Item Name="[placeholder]" Optional="true" ExcludeView="simple">placeholder</Item>
<Item Name="[base]" ExcludeView="simple">(base_type*)this,nand</Item>
<Item Name="[base]" IncludeView="simple">(base_type*)this,view(simple)nand</Item>
<CustomListItems Condition="payload.size() != 0" Optional="true">
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0" />
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="base_type::packed.size()"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<If Condition="is_valid_entity(base_type::packed[pos])">
<Item Name="[{ pos }:{ base_type::packed[pos] }]">payload[pos / traits_type::page_size][pos &amp; (traits_type::page_size - 1)]</Item>
</If>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_common_view&lt;*,*,*&gt;">
<DisplayString Condition="index != $T2">{{ size_hint={ pools[index]->packed.size() } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{ size_hint=0 }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[pools]">pools,na</Item>
<Item Name="[filter]">filter,na</Item>
<Item Name="[handle]" Condition="index != $T2">pools[index],na</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_storage_view&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString Condition="leading != nullptr">{{ size={ leading->packed.size() } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{ size=0 }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[handle]" Condition="leading != nullptr">leading,na</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_view&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{ *(base_type*)this }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>*(base_type*)this</ExpandedItem>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_runtime_view&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString Condition="pools.size() != 0u">{{ size_hint={ pools[0]->packed.size() } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{ size_hint=0 }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[pools]">pools,na</Item>
<Item Name="[filter]">filter,na</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_handle&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="pool_at" Expression="owner->pools.packed.first_base::value[index].element.second._Ptr">
<Parameter Name="index" Type="unsigned int"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString>{{ entity={ entt } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[entity]">entt</Item>
<Item Name="[registry]" Condition="owner != nullptr">owner,na</Item>
<Synthetic Name="[components]" Condition="owner != nullptr">
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="entity_mask" InitialValue="traits_type::entity_mask"/>
<Variable Name="page" InitialValue="((*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;entt)) &amp; entity_mask) / traits_type::page_size"/>
<Variable Name="offset" InitialValue="(*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;entt)) &amp; (traits_type::page_size - 1u)"/>
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="owner->pools.packed.first_base::value.size()"/>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0u"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<If Condition="pool_at(pos)->sparse.size() &gt; page &amp;&amp; pool_at(pos)->sparse[page] != nullptr &amp;&amp; ((*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;pool_at(pos)->sparse[page][offset])) &amp; entity_mask) != entity_mask">
<Item Name="[{ pool_at(pos)->info->alias,na }:{ ((*((traits_type::entity_type *)&amp;pool_at(pos)->sparse[page][offset])) &amp; entity_mask) != entity_mask }]">pool_at(pos),view(simple)nanr</Item>
</If>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Synthetic>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::null_t">
<DisplayString>&lt;null&gt;</DisplayString>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::tombstone_t">
<DisplayString>&lt;tombstone&gt;</DisplayString>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::adjacency_matrix&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ size={ vert } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0" />
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="vert * vert"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<If Condition="matrix[pos] != 0u">
<Item Name="{pos / vert}">pos % vert</Item>
</If>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_base_node">
<DisplayString Condition="resolve != nullptr">{{ type={ type } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[type]">type</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_conv_node">
<DisplayString Condition="conv != nullptr">{{ type={ type } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[type]">type</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_ctor_node">
<DisplayString Condition="invoke != nullptr">{{ id={ id } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[id]">id</Item>
<Item Name="[arity]">arity</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_custom_node">
<DisplayString Condition="value != nullptr">{{ type={ type } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[type]">type</Item>
<Item Name="[value]">value</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_data_node">
<Intrinsic Name="has_trait" Expression="!!(traits &amp; property)">
<Parameter Name="property" Type="int"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString Condition="get != nullptr">{{ id={ id } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[id]">id</Item>
<Item Name="[arity]">arity</Item>
<Item Name="[is_const]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_const)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_static]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_static)</Item>
<Item Name="[custom]">custom</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_dtor_node">
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand/>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_func_node" >
<Intrinsic Name="has_trait" Expression="!!(traits &amp; property)">
<Parameter Name="property" Type="int"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString Condition="invoke != nullptr">{{ id={ id } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[id]">id</Item>
<Item Name="[arity]">arity</Item>
<Item Name="[is_const]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_const)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_static]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_static)</Item>
<Item Name="[next]" Condition="next != nullptr">*next</Item>
<Item Name="[custom]">custom</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_template_node">
<DisplayString Condition="arity != 0u">{{ arity={ arity } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[arity]">arity</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_type_descriptor">
<DisplayString/>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[ctor]">ctor,view(simple)</Item>
<Item Name="[base]">base,view(simple)</Item>
<Item Name="[conv]">conv,view(simple)</Item>
<Item Name="[data]">data,view(simple)</Item>
<Item Name="[func]">func,view(simple)</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::meta_type_node">
<Intrinsic Name="has_trait" Expression="!!(traits &amp; property)">
<Parameter Name="property" Type="int"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString Condition="info != nullptr">{{ type={ info->alias,na } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[id]">id</Item>
<Item Name="[sizeof]">size_of</Item>
<Item Name="[is_arithmetic]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_arithmetic)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_integral]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_integral)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_signed]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_signed)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_array]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_array)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_enum]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_enum)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_class]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_class)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_pointer]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_pointer)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_pointer_like]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_pointer_like)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_sequence_container]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_sequence_container)</Item>
<Item Name="[is_associative_container]">has_trait(entt::internal::meta_traits::is_associative_container)</Item>
<Item Name="[default_constructor]">default_constructor != nullptr</Item>
<Item Name="[conversion_helper]">conversion_helper != nullptr</Item>
<Item Name="[from_void]">from_void != nullptr</Item>
<Item Name="[template_info]">templ</Item>
<Item Name="[custom]">custom</Item>
<Item Name="[details]" Condition="!(details == nullptr)">*details</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_any">
<DisplayString Condition="node.info != nullptr">{{ type={ node.info->alias,na }, policy={ storage.mode,en } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>node</ExpandedItem>
<Item Name="[context]" Condition="ctx != nullptr">ctx->value</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_handle">
<DisplayString>{ any }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>any</ExpandedItem>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_associative_container">
<DisplayString Condition="data != nullptr">{{ const={ const_only } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[context]" Condition="ctx != nullptr">ctx->value</Item>
<Item Name="[const]">const_only</Item>
<Item Name="[data]">data</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_sequence_container">
<DisplayString Condition="data != nullptr">{{ const={ const_only } }}</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[context]" Condition="ctx != nullptr">ctx->value</Item>
<Item Name="[const]">const_only</Item>
<Item Name="[data]">data</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_custom">
<DisplayString>{ node }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>node</ExpandedItem>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_data">
<DisplayString Condition="node.get != nullptr">{ node }</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem Condition="node.get != nullptr">node</ExpandedItem>
<Item Name="[context]" Condition="ctx != nullptr">ctx->value</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_func">
<DisplayString Condition="node.invoke != nullptr">{ node }</DisplayString>
<DisplayString>{{}}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem Condition="node.invoke != nullptr">node</ExpandedItem>
<Item Name="[context]" Condition="ctx != nullptr">ctx->value</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_type">
<DisplayString>{ node }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>node</ExpandedItem>
<Item Name="[context]" Condition="ctx != nullptr">ctx->value</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::meta_ctx">
<Intrinsic Name="element_at" Expression="value.packed.first_base::value[pos].element">
<Parameter Name="pos" Type="int"/>
</Intrinsic>
<DisplayString>{ value }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0"/>
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="value.size()"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<Item Name="[{ element_at(pos).first }]">element_at(pos).second</Item>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::basic_poly&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{ storage }</DisplayString>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::resource&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{ value }</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<ExpandedItem>value</ExpandedItem>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::resource_cache&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="size" Expression="pool.first_base::value.size()"/>
<DisplayString>{{ size={ size() } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<CustomListItems>
<Variable Name="pos" InitialValue="0" />
<Variable Name="last" InitialValue="size()"/>
<Loop>
<Break Condition="pos == last"/>
<Item Name="[{ pool.first_base::value.packed.first_base::value[pos].element.first }]">
*pool.first_base::value.packed.first_base::value[pos].element.second
</Item>
<Exec>++pos</Exec>
</Loop>
</CustomListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
<Type Name="entt::delegate&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ type={ "$T1" } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[empty]">fn == nullptr</Item>
<Item Name="[data]">instance</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::basic_dispatcher&lt;*&gt;">
<Intrinsic Name="size" Expression="pools.first_base::value.size()"/>
<DisplayString>{{ size={ size() } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<IndexListItems>
<Size>size()</Size>
<ValueNode>*pools.first_base::value.packed.first_base::value[$i].element.second</ValueNode>
</IndexListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::internal::dispatcher_handler&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ size={ events.size() }, event={ "$T1" } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[signal]">signal</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::emitter&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ size={ handlers.first_base::value.size() } }}</DisplayString>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::connection">
<DisplayString>{{ bound={ signal != nullptr } }}</DisplayString>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::scoped_connection">
<DisplayString>{ conn }</DisplayString>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::sigh&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ size={ calls.size() }, type={ "$T1" } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<IndexListItems>
<Size>calls.size()</Size>
<ValueNode>calls[$i]</ValueNode>
</IndexListItems>
</Expand>
</Type>
<Type Name="entt::sink&lt;*&gt;">
<DisplayString>{{ type={ "$T1" } }}</DisplayString>
<Expand>
<Item Name="[signal]">signal,na</Item>
</Expand>
</Type>
</AutoVisualizer>

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
# amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files.
# Copyright (c) 2012, Erik Edlund <erik.edlund@32767.se>
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# * Neither the name of Erik Edlund, nor the names of its contributors may
# be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
# specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
# ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
# (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
# LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
# ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
# SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import argparse
import datetime
import json
import os
import re
class Amalgamation(object):
# Prepends self.source_path to file_path if needed.
def actual_path(self, file_path):
if not os.path.isabs(file_path):
file_path = os.path.join(self.source_path, file_path)
return file_path
# Search included file_path in self.include_paths and
# in source_dir if specified.
def find_included_file(self, file_path, source_dir):
search_dirs = self.include_paths[:]
if source_dir:
search_dirs.insert(0, source_dir)
for search_dir in search_dirs:
search_path = os.path.join(search_dir, file_path)
if os.path.isfile(self.actual_path(search_path)):
return search_path
return None
def __init__(self, args):
with open(args.config, 'r') as f:
config = json.loads(f.read())
for key in config:
setattr(self, key, config[key])
self.verbose = args.verbose == "yes"
self.prologue = args.prologue
self.source_path = args.source_path
self.included_files = []
# Generate the amalgamation and write it to the target file.
def generate(self):
amalgamation = ""
if self.prologue:
with open(self.prologue, 'r') as f:
amalgamation += datetime.datetime.now().strftime(f.read())
if self.verbose:
print("Config:")
print(" target = {0}".format(self.target))
print(" working_dir = {0}".format(os.getcwd()))
print(" include_paths = {0}".format(self.include_paths))
print("Creating amalgamation:")
for file_path in self.sources:
# Do not check the include paths while processing the source
# list, all given source paths must be correct.
# actual_path = self.actual_path(file_path)
print(" - processing \"{0}\"".format(file_path))
t = TranslationUnit(file_path, self, True)
amalgamation += t.content
with open(self.target, 'w') as f:
f.write(amalgamation)
print("...done!\n")
if self.verbose:
print("Files processed: {0}".format(self.sources))
print("Files included: {0}".format(self.included_files))
print("")
def _is_within(match, matches):
for m in matches:
if match.start() > m.start() and \
match.end() < m.end():
return True
return False
class TranslationUnit(object):
# // C++ comment.
cpp_comment_pattern = re.compile(r"//.*?\n")
# /* C comment. */
c_comment_pattern = re.compile(r"/\*.*?\*/", re.S)
# "complex \"stri\\\ng\" value".
string_pattern = re.compile("[^']" r'".*?(?<=[^\\])"', re.S)
# Handle simple include directives. Support for advanced
# directives where macros and defines needs to expanded is
# not a concern right now.
include_pattern = re.compile(
r'#\s*include\s+(<|")(?P<path>.*?)("|>)', re.S)
# #pragma once
pragma_once_pattern = re.compile(r'#\s*pragma\s+once', re.S)
# Search for pattern in self.content, add the match to
# contexts if found and update the index accordingly.
def _search_content(self, index, pattern, contexts):
match = pattern.search(self.content, index)
if match:
contexts.append(match)
return match.end()
return index + 2
# Return all the skippable contexts, i.e., comments and strings
def _find_skippable_contexts(self):
# Find contexts in the content in which a found include
# directive should not be processed.
skippable_contexts = []
# Walk through the content char by char, and try to grab
# skippable contexts using regular expressions when found.
i = 1
content_len = len(self.content)
while i < content_len:
j = i - 1
current = self.content[i]
previous = self.content[j]
if current == '"':
# String value.
i = self._search_content(j, self.string_pattern,
skippable_contexts)
elif current == '*' and previous == '/':
# C style comment.
i = self._search_content(j, self.c_comment_pattern,
skippable_contexts)
elif current == '/' and previous == '/':
# C++ style comment.
i = self._search_content(j, self.cpp_comment_pattern,
skippable_contexts)
else:
# Skip to the next char.
i += 1
return skippable_contexts
# Returns True if the match is within list of other matches
# Removes pragma once from content
def _process_pragma_once(self):
content_len = len(self.content)
if content_len < len("#include <x>"):
return 0
# Find contexts in the content in which a found include
# directive should not be processed.
skippable_contexts = self._find_skippable_contexts()
pragmas = []
pragma_once_match = self.pragma_once_pattern.search(self.content)
while pragma_once_match:
if not _is_within(pragma_once_match, skippable_contexts):
pragmas.append(pragma_once_match)
pragma_once_match = self.pragma_once_pattern.search(self.content,
pragma_once_match.end())
# Handle all collected pragma once directives.
prev_end = 0
tmp_content = ''
for pragma_match in pragmas:
tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:pragma_match.start()]
prev_end = pragma_match.end()
tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:]
self.content = tmp_content
# Include all trivial #include directives into self.content.
def _process_includes(self):
content_len = len(self.content)
if content_len < len("#include <x>"):
return 0
# Find contexts in the content in which a found include
# directive should not be processed.
skippable_contexts = self._find_skippable_contexts()
# Search for include directives in the content, collect those
# which should be included into the content.
includes = []
include_match = self.include_pattern.search(self.content)
while include_match:
if not _is_within(include_match, skippable_contexts):
include_path = include_match.group("path")
search_same_dir = include_match.group(1) == '"'
found_included_path = self.amalgamation.find_included_file(
include_path, self.file_dir if search_same_dir else None)
if found_included_path:
includes.append((include_match, found_included_path))
include_match = self.include_pattern.search(self.content,
include_match.end())
# Handle all collected include directives.
prev_end = 0
tmp_content = ''
for include in includes:
include_match, found_included_path = include
tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:include_match.start()]
tmp_content += "// {0}\n".format(include_match.group(0))
if found_included_path not in self.amalgamation.included_files:
t = TranslationUnit(found_included_path, self.amalgamation, False)
tmp_content += t.content
prev_end = include_match.end()
tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:]
self.content = tmp_content
return len(includes)
# Make all content processing
def _process(self):
if not self.is_root:
self._process_pragma_once()
self._process_includes()
def __init__(self, file_path, amalgamation, is_root):
self.file_path = file_path
self.file_dir = os.path.dirname(file_path)
self.amalgamation = amalgamation
self.is_root = is_root
self.amalgamation.included_files.append(self.file_path)
actual_path = self.amalgamation.actual_path(file_path)
if not os.path.isfile(actual_path):
raise IOError("File not found: \"{0}\"".format(file_path))
with open(actual_path, 'r') as f:
self.content = f.read()
self._process()
def main():
description = "Amalgamate C source and header files."
usage = " ".join([
"amalgamate.py",
"[-v]",
"-c path/to/config.json",
"-s path/to/source/dir",
"[-p path/to/prologue.(c|h)]"
])
argsparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description=description, usage=usage)
argsparser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", dest="verbose",
choices=["yes", "no"], metavar="", help="be verbose")
argsparser.add_argument("-c", "--config", dest="config",
required=True, metavar="", help="path to a JSON config file")
argsparser.add_argument("-s", "--source", dest="source_path",
required=True, metavar="", help="source code path")
argsparser.add_argument("-p", "--prologue", dest="prologue",
required=False, metavar="", help="path to a C prologue file")
amalgamation = Amalgamation(argsparser.parse_args())
amalgamation.generate()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
{
"project": "entt",
"target": "single_include/entt/entt.hpp",
"sources": [
"src/entt/entt.hpp"
],
"include_paths": ["src"]
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" &>/dev/null && pwd)
VERSION_HEADER=$(realpath "$SCRIPT_DIR/../src/entt/config/version.h" --relative-to=$(pwd))
BAZEL_MODULE=$(realpath "$SCRIPT_DIR/../MODULE.bazel" --relative-to=$(pwd))
if [[ -z "${VERSION_HEADER}" ]]; then
echo "Cannot find version header"
exit 1
fi
echo "Getting version from $VERSION_HEADER ..."
ENTT_MAJOR_VERSION=$(sed -nr 's/#define ENTT_VERSION_MAJOR ([0-9]+)/\1/p' $VERSION_HEADER)
ENTT_MINOR_VERSION=$(sed -nr 's/#define ENTT_VERSION_MINOR ([0-9]+)/\1/p' $VERSION_HEADER)
ENTT_PATCH_VERSION=$(sed -nr 's/#define ENTT_VERSION_PATCH ([0-9]+)/\1/p' $VERSION_HEADER)
VERSION="$ENTT_MAJOR_VERSION.$ENTT_MINOR_VERSION.$ENTT_PATCH_VERSION"
echo "Found $VERSION"
buildozer "set version $VERSION" //MODULE.bazel:%module
# a commit is needed for 'git archive'
git add $BAZEL_MODULE
git commit -m "chore: update MODULE.bazel version to $VERSION"

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@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
#!/bin/sh
# only argument should be the version to upgrade to
if [ $# != 1 ]
then
echo "Expected a version tag like v2.7.1"
exit 1
fi
VERSION="$1"
URL="https://github.com/skypjack/entt/archive/$VERSION.tar.gz"
FORMULA="entt.rb"
echo "Updating homebrew package to $VERSION"
echo "Cloning..."
git clone https://github.com/skypjack/homebrew-entt.git
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
exit 1
fi
cd homebrew-entt
# download the repo at the version
# exit with error messages if curl fails
echo "Curling..."
curl "$URL" --location --fail --silent --show-error --output archive.tar.gz
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
exit 1
fi
# compute sha256 hash
echo "Hashing..."
HASH="$(openssl sha256 archive.tar.gz | cut -d " " -f 2)"
# delete the archive
rm archive.tar.gz
echo "Sedding..."
# change the url in the formula file
# the slashes in the URL must be escaped
ESCAPED_URL="$(echo "$URL" | sed -e 's/[\/&]/\\&/g')"
sed -i -e '/url/s/".*"/"'$ESCAPED_URL'"/' $FORMULA
# change the hash in the formula file
sed -i -e '/sha256/s/".*"/"'$HASH'"/' $FORMULA
# delete temporary file created by sed
rm -rf "$FORMULA-e"
# update remote repo
echo "Gitting..."
git add entt.rb
git commit -m "Update to $VERSION"
git push origin master
# out of homebrew-entt dir
cd ..

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load("@bazel_skylib//lib:selects.bzl", "selects")
load("//bazel:copts.bzl", "COPTS")
package(default_visibility = ["//:__subpackages__"])
cc_library(
name = "entt",
includes = ["."],
hdrs = glob(["**/*.h", "**/*.hpp"]),
copts = COPTS,
)

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@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
#ifndef ENTT_CONFIG_CONFIG_H
#define ENTT_CONFIG_CONFIG_H
#include "version.h"
// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage)
#if defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(ENTT_NOEXCEPTION)
# define ENTT_CONSTEXPR
# define ENTT_THROW throw
# define ENTT_TRY try
# define ENTT_CATCH catch(...)
#else
# define ENTT_CONSTEXPR constexpr // use only with throwing functions (waiting for C++20)
# define ENTT_THROW
# define ENTT_TRY if(true)
# define ENTT_CATCH if(false)
#endif
#if __has_include(<version>)
# include <version>
#
# if defined(__cpp_consteval)
# define ENTT_CONSTEVAL consteval
# endif
#endif
#ifndef ENTT_CONSTEVAL
# define ENTT_CONSTEVAL constexpr
#endif
#ifdef ENTT_USE_ATOMIC
# include <atomic>
# define ENTT_MAYBE_ATOMIC(Type) std::atomic<Type>
#else
# define ENTT_MAYBE_ATOMIC(Type) Type
#endif
#ifndef ENTT_ID_TYPE
# include <cstdint>
# define ENTT_ID_TYPE std::uint32_t
#else
# include <cstdint> // provides coverage for types in the std namespace
#endif
#ifndef ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE
# define ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE 4096
#endif
#ifndef ENTT_PACKED_PAGE
# define ENTT_PACKED_PAGE 1024
#endif
#ifdef ENTT_DISABLE_ASSERT
# undef ENTT_ASSERT
# define ENTT_ASSERT(condition, msg) (void(0))
#elif !defined ENTT_ASSERT
# include <cassert>
# define ENTT_ASSERT(condition, msg) assert(((condition) && (msg)))
#endif
#ifdef ENTT_DISABLE_ASSERT
# undef ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR
# define ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR(condition, msg) (void(0))
#elif !defined ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR
# define ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR(condition, msg) ENTT_ASSERT(condition, msg)
#endif
#define ENTT_FAIL(msg) ENTT_ASSERT(false, msg);
#ifdef ENTT_NO_ETO
# define ENTT_ETO_TYPE(Type) void
#else
# define ENTT_ETO_TYPE(Type) Type
#endif
#ifdef ENTT_NO_MIXIN
# define ENTT_STORAGE(Mixin, ...) __VA_ARGS__
#else
# define ENTT_STORAGE(Mixin, ...) Mixin<__VA_ARGS__>
#endif
#ifdef ENTT_STANDARD_CPP
# define ENTT_NONSTD false
#else
# define ENTT_NONSTD true
# if defined __clang__ || defined __GNUC__
# define ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
# define ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION_PREFIX '='
# define ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION_SUFFIX ']'
# elif defined _MSC_VER
# define ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION __FUNCSIG__
# define ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION_PREFIX '<'
# define ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION_SUFFIX '>'
# endif
#endif
#if defined _MSC_VER
# pragma detect_mismatch("entt.version", ENTT_VERSION)
# pragma detect_mismatch("entt.noexcept", ENTT_XSTR(ENTT_TRY))
# pragma detect_mismatch("entt.id", ENTT_XSTR(ENTT_ID_TYPE))
# pragma detect_mismatch("entt.nonstd", ENTT_XSTR(ENTT_NONSTD))
#endif
// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage)
#endif

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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
#ifndef ENTT_CONFIG_MACRO_H
#define ENTT_CONFIG_MACRO_H
// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage)
#define ENTT_STR(arg) #arg
#define ENTT_XSTR(arg) ENTT_STR(arg)
// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage)
#endif

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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
#ifndef ENTT_CONFIG_VERSION_H
#define ENTT_CONFIG_VERSION_H
#include "macro.h"
// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-macro-*,modernize-macro-*)
#define ENTT_VERSION_MAJOR 3
#define ENTT_VERSION_MINOR 15
#define ENTT_VERSION_PATCH 0
#define ENTT_VERSION \
ENTT_XSTR(ENTT_VERSION_MAJOR) \
"." ENTT_XSTR(ENTT_VERSION_MINOR) "." ENTT_XSTR(ENTT_VERSION_PATCH)
// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-macro-*,modernize-macro-*)
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CONTAINER_DENSE_SET_HPP
#define ENTT_CONTAINER_DENSE_SET_HPP
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/bit.hpp"
#include "../core/compressed_pair.hpp"
#include "../core/type_traits.hpp"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename It>
class dense_set_iterator final {
template<typename>
friend class dense_set_iterator;
public:
using value_type = typename It::value_type::second_type;
using pointer = const value_type *;
using reference = const value_type &;
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
constexpr dense_set_iterator() noexcept
: it{} {}
constexpr dense_set_iterator(const It iter) noexcept
: it{iter} {}
template<typename Other, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<It, Other> && std::is_constructible_v<It, Other>>>
constexpr dense_set_iterator(const dense_set_iterator<Other> &other) noexcept
: it{other.it} {}
constexpr dense_set_iterator &operator++() noexcept {
return ++it, *this;
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator operator++(int) noexcept {
const dense_set_iterator orig = *this;
return ++(*this), orig;
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator &operator--() noexcept {
return --it, *this;
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator operator--(int) noexcept {
const dense_set_iterator orig = *this;
return operator--(), orig;
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator &operator+=(const difference_type value) noexcept {
it += value;
return *this;
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator operator+(const difference_type value) const noexcept {
dense_set_iterator copy = *this;
return (copy += value);
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator &operator-=(const difference_type value) noexcept {
return (*this += -value);
}
constexpr dense_set_iterator operator-(const difference_type value) const noexcept {
return (*this + -value);
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator[](const difference_type value) const noexcept {
return it[value].second;
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept {
return std::addressof(operator[](0));
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept {
return operator[](0);
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
friend constexpr std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &) noexcept;
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
friend constexpr bool operator==(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &) noexcept;
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
friend constexpr bool operator<(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &) noexcept;
private:
It it;
};
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.it - rhs.it;
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.it == rhs.it;
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.it < rhs.it;
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return rhs < lhs;
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<=(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs > rhs);
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>=(const dense_set_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs < rhs);
}
template<typename It>
class dense_set_local_iterator final {
template<typename>
friend class dense_set_local_iterator;
public:
using value_type = typename It::value_type::second_type;
using pointer = const value_type *;
using reference = const value_type &;
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
constexpr dense_set_local_iterator() noexcept
: it{},
offset{} {}
constexpr dense_set_local_iterator(It iter, const std::size_t pos) noexcept
: it{iter},
offset{pos} {}
template<typename Other, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<It, Other> && std::is_constructible_v<It, Other>>>
constexpr dense_set_local_iterator(const dense_set_local_iterator<Other> &other) noexcept
: it{other.it},
offset{other.offset} {}
constexpr dense_set_local_iterator &operator++() noexcept {
return offset = it[static_cast<typename It::difference_type>(offset)].first, *this;
}
constexpr dense_set_local_iterator operator++(int) noexcept {
const dense_set_local_iterator orig = *this;
return ++(*this), orig;
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept {
return std::addressof(it[static_cast<typename It::difference_type>(offset)].second);
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept {
return *operator->();
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::size_t index() const noexcept {
return offset;
}
private:
It it;
std::size_t offset;
};
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const dense_set_local_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_local_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.index() == rhs.index();
}
template<typename Lhs, typename Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const dense_set_local_iterator<Lhs> &lhs, const dense_set_local_iterator<Rhs> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Associative container for unique objects of a given type.
*
* Internally, elements are organized into buckets. Which bucket an element is
* placed into depends entirely on its hash. Elements with the same hash code
* appear in the same bucket.
*
* @tparam Type Value type of the associative container.
* @tparam Hash Type of function to use to hash the values.
* @tparam KeyEqual Type of function to use to compare the values for equality.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Hash, typename KeyEqual, typename Allocator>
class dense_set {
static constexpr float default_threshold = 0.875f;
static constexpr std::size_t minimum_capacity = 8u;
using node_type = std::pair<std::size_t, Type>;
using alloc_traits = std::allocator_traits<Allocator>;
static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename alloc_traits::value_type, Type>, "Invalid value type");
using sparse_container_type = std::vector<std::size_t, typename alloc_traits::template rebind_alloc<std::size_t>>;
using packed_container_type = std::vector<node_type, typename alloc_traits::template rebind_alloc<node_type>>;
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::size_t value_to_bucket(const Other &value) const noexcept {
return fast_mod(static_cast<size_type>(sparse.second()(value)), bucket_count());
}
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] auto constrained_find(const Other &value, std::size_t bucket) {
for(auto it = begin(bucket), last = end(bucket); it != last; ++it) {
if(packed.second()(*it, value)) {
return begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(it.index());
}
}
return end();
}
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] auto constrained_find(const Other &value, std::size_t bucket) const {
for(auto it = cbegin(bucket), last = cend(bucket); it != last; ++it) {
if(packed.second()(*it, value)) {
return cbegin() + static_cast<difference_type>(it.index());
}
}
return cend();
}
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] auto insert_or_do_nothing(Other &&value) {
const auto index = value_to_bucket(value);
if(auto it = constrained_find(value, index); it != end()) {
return std::make_pair(it, false);
}
packed.first().emplace_back(sparse.first()[index], std::forward<Other>(value));
sparse.first()[index] = packed.first().size() - 1u;
rehash_if_required();
return std::make_pair(--end(), true);
}
void move_and_pop(const std::size_t pos) {
if(const auto last = size() - 1u; pos != last) {
size_type *curr = &sparse.first()[value_to_bucket(packed.first().back().second)];
packed.first()[pos] = std::move(packed.first().back());
for(; *curr != last; curr = &packed.first()[*curr].first) {}
*curr = pos;
}
packed.first().pop_back();
}
void rehash_if_required() {
if(const auto bc = bucket_count(); size() > static_cast<size_type>(static_cast<float>(bc) * max_load_factor())) {
rehash(bc * 2u);
}
}
public:
/*! @brief Allocator type. */
using allocator_type = Allocator;
/*! @brief Key type of the container. */
using key_type = Type;
/*! @brief Value type of the container. */
using value_type = Type;
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using size_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Signed integer type. */
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
/*! @brief Type of function to use to hash the elements. */
using hasher = Hash;
/*! @brief Type of function to use to compare the elements for equality. */
using key_equal = KeyEqual;
/*! @brief Random access iterator type. */
using iterator = internal::dense_set_iterator<typename packed_container_type::iterator>;
/*! @brief Constant random access iterator type. */
using const_iterator = internal::dense_set_iterator<typename packed_container_type::const_iterator>;
/*! @brief Reverse iterator type. */
using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
/*! @brief Constant reverse iterator type. */
using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
/*! @brief Forward iterator type. */
using local_iterator = internal::dense_set_local_iterator<typename packed_container_type::iterator>;
/*! @brief Constant forward iterator type. */
using const_local_iterator = internal::dense_set_local_iterator<typename packed_container_type::const_iterator>;
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
dense_set()
: dense_set{minimum_capacity} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs an empty container with a given allocator.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
explicit dense_set(const allocator_type &allocator)
: dense_set{minimum_capacity, hasher{}, key_equal{}, allocator} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs an empty container with a given allocator and user
* supplied minimal number of buckets.
* @param cnt Minimal number of buckets.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
dense_set(const size_type cnt, const allocator_type &allocator)
: dense_set{cnt, hasher{}, key_equal{}, allocator} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs an empty container with a given allocator, hash
* function and user supplied minimal number of buckets.
* @param cnt Minimal number of buckets.
* @param hash Hash function to use.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
dense_set(const size_type cnt, const hasher &hash, const allocator_type &allocator)
: dense_set{cnt, hash, key_equal{}, allocator} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs an empty container with a given allocator, hash
* function, compare function and user supplied minimal number of buckets.
* @param cnt Minimal number of buckets.
* @param hash Hash function to use.
* @param equal Compare function to use.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
explicit dense_set(const size_type cnt, const hasher &hash = hasher{}, const key_equal &equal = key_equal{}, const allocator_type &allocator = allocator_type{})
: sparse{allocator, hash},
packed{allocator, equal} {
rehash(cnt);
}
/*! @brief Default copy constructor. */
dense_set(const dense_set &) = default;
/**
* @brief Allocator-extended copy constructor.
* @param other The instance to copy from.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
dense_set(const dense_set &other, const allocator_type &allocator)
: sparse{std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(other.sparse.first(), allocator), std::forward_as_tuple(other.sparse.second())},
packed{std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(other.packed.first(), allocator), std::forward_as_tuple(other.packed.second())},
threshold{other.threshold} {}
/*! @brief Default move constructor. */
dense_set(dense_set &&) noexcept = default;
/**
* @brief Allocator-extended move constructor.
* @param other The instance to move from.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
dense_set(dense_set &&other, const allocator_type &allocator)
: sparse{std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(other.sparse.first()), allocator), std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(other.sparse.second()))},
packed{std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(other.packed.first()), allocator), std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(other.packed.second()))},
threshold{other.threshold} {}
/*! @brief Default destructor. */
~dense_set() = default;
/**
* @brief Default copy assignment operator.
* @return This container.
*/
dense_set &operator=(const dense_set &) = default;
/**
* @brief Default move assignment operator.
* @return This container.
*/
dense_set &operator=(dense_set &&) noexcept = default;
/**
* @brief Exchanges the contents with those of a given container.
* @param other Container to exchange the content with.
*/
void swap(dense_set &other) noexcept {
using std::swap;
swap(sparse, other.sparse);
swap(packed, other.packed);
swap(threshold, other.threshold);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the associated allocator.
* @return The associated allocator.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept {
return sparse.first().get_allocator();
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the beginning.
*
* If the array is empty, the returned iterator will be equal to `end()`.
*
* @return An iterator to the first instance of the internal array.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept {
return packed.first().begin();
}
/*! @copydoc cbegin */
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator begin() const noexcept {
return cbegin();
}
/*! @copydoc begin */
[[nodiscard]] iterator begin() noexcept {
return packed.first().begin();
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the end.
* @return An iterator to the element following the last instance of the
* internal array.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator cend() const noexcept {
return packed.first().end();
}
/*! @copydoc cend */
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator end() const noexcept {
return cend();
}
/*! @copydoc end */
[[nodiscard]] iterator end() noexcept {
return packed.first().end();
}
/**
* @brief Returns a reverse iterator to the beginning.
*
* If the array is empty, the returned iterator will be equal to `rend()`.
*
* @return An iterator to the first instance of the reversed internal array.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept {
return std::make_reverse_iterator(cend());
}
/*! @copydoc crbegin */
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept {
return crbegin();
}
/*! @copydoc rbegin */
[[nodiscard]] reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept {
return std::make_reverse_iterator(end());
}
/**
* @brief Returns a reverse iterator to the end.
* @return An iterator to the element following the last instance of the
* reversed internal array.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept {
return std::make_reverse_iterator(cbegin());
}
/*! @copydoc crend */
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept {
return crend();
}
/*! @copydoc rend */
[[nodiscard]] reverse_iterator rend() noexcept {
return std::make_reverse_iterator(begin());
}
/**
* @brief Checks whether a container is empty.
* @return True if the container is empty, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept {
return packed.first().empty();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of elements in a container.
* @return Number of elements in a container.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type size() const noexcept {
return packed.first().size();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the maximum possible number of elements.
* @return Maximum possible number of elements.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type max_size() const noexcept {
return packed.first().max_size();
}
/*! @brief Clears the container. */
void clear() noexcept {
sparse.first().clear();
packed.first().clear();
rehash(0u);
}
/**
* @brief Inserts an element into the container, if it does not exist.
* @param value An element to insert into the container.
* @return A pair consisting of an iterator to the inserted element (or to
* the element that prevented the insertion) and a bool denoting whether the
* insertion took place.
*/
std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type &value) {
return insert_or_do_nothing(value);
}
/*! @copydoc insert */
std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(value_type &&value) {
return insert_or_do_nothing(std::move(value));
}
/**
* @brief Inserts elements into the container, if they do not exist.
* @tparam It Type of input iterator.
* @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of elements.
* @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of elements.
*/
template<typename It>
void insert(It first, It last) {
for(; first != last; ++first) {
insert(*first);
}
}
/**
* @brief Constructs an element in-place, if it does not exist.
*
* The element is also constructed when the container already has the key,
* in which case the newly constructed object is destroyed immediately.
*
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to forward to the constructor of the
* element.
* @param args Arguments to forward to the constructor of the element.
* @return A pair consisting of an iterator to the inserted element (or to
* the element that prevented the insertion) and a bool denoting whether the
* insertion took place.
*/
template<typename... Args>
std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args &&...args) {
if constexpr(((sizeof...(Args) == 1u) && ... && std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Args>, value_type>)) {
return insert_or_do_nothing(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
} else {
auto &node = packed.first().emplace_back(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(packed.first().size()), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
const auto index = value_to_bucket(node.second);
if(auto it = constrained_find(node.second, index); it != end()) {
packed.first().pop_back();
return std::make_pair(it, false);
}
std::swap(node.first, sparse.first()[index]);
rehash_if_required();
return std::make_pair(--end(), true);
}
}
/**
* @brief Removes an element from a given position.
* @param pos An iterator to the element to remove.
* @return An iterator following the removed element.
*/
iterator erase(const_iterator pos) {
const auto diff = pos - cbegin();
erase(*pos);
return begin() + diff;
}
/**
* @brief Removes the given elements from a container.
* @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of elements.
* @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of elements.
* @return An iterator following the last removed element.
*/
iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
const auto dist = first - cbegin();
for(auto from = last - cbegin(); from != dist; --from) {
erase(packed.first()[static_cast<size_type>(from) - 1u].second);
}
return (begin() + dist);
}
/**
* @brief Removes the element associated with a given value.
* @param value Value of an element to remove.
* @return Number of elements removed (either 0 or 1).
*/
size_type erase(const value_type &value) {
for(size_type *curr = &sparse.first()[value_to_bucket(value)]; *curr != (std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)(); curr = &packed.first()[*curr].first) {
if(packed.second()(packed.first()[*curr].second, value)) {
const auto index = *curr;
*curr = packed.first()[*curr].first;
move_and_pop(index);
return 1u;
}
}
return 0u;
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of elements matching a value (either 1 or 0).
* @param key Key value of an element to search for.
* @return Number of elements matching the key (either 1 or 0).
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type count(const value_type &key) const {
return find(key) != end();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of elements matching a key (either 1 or 0).
* @tparam Other Type of the key value of an element to search for.
* @param key Key value of an element to search for.
* @return Number of elements matching the key (either 1 or 0).
*/
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::enable_if_t<is_transparent_v<hasher> && is_transparent_v<key_equal>, std::conditional_t<false, Other, size_type>>
count(const Other &key) const {
return find(key) != end();
}
/**
* @brief Finds an element with a given value.
* @param value Value of an element to search for.
* @return An iterator to an element with the given value. If no such
* element is found, a past-the-end iterator is returned.
*/
[[nodiscard]] iterator find(const value_type &value) {
return constrained_find(value, value_to_bucket(value));
}
/*! @copydoc find */
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator find(const value_type &value) const {
return constrained_find(value, value_to_bucket(value));
}
/**
* @brief Finds an element that compares _equivalent_ to a given value.
* @tparam Other Type of an element to search for.
* @param value Value of an element to search for.
* @return An iterator to an element with the given value. If no such
* element is found, a past-the-end iterator is returned.
*/
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::enable_if_t<is_transparent_v<hasher> && is_transparent_v<key_equal>, std::conditional_t<false, Other, iterator>>
find(const Other &value) {
return constrained_find(value, value_to_bucket(value));
}
/*! @copydoc find */
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::enable_if_t<is_transparent_v<hasher> && is_transparent_v<key_equal>, std::conditional_t<false, Other, const_iterator>>
find(const Other &value) const {
return constrained_find(value, value_to_bucket(value));
}
/**
* @brief Returns a range containing all elements with a given value.
* @param value Value of an element to search for.
* @return A pair of iterators pointing to the first element and past the
* last element of the range.
*/
[[nodiscard]] std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const value_type &value) {
const auto it = find(value);
return {it, it + !(it == end())};
}
/*! @copydoc equal_range */
[[nodiscard]] std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const value_type &value) const {
const auto it = find(value);
return {it, it + !(it == cend())};
}
/**
* @brief Returns a range containing all elements that compare _equivalent_
* to a given value.
* @tparam Other Type of an element to search for.
* @param value Value of an element to search for.
* @return A pair of iterators pointing to the first element and past the
* last element of the range.
*/
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::enable_if_t<is_transparent_v<hasher> && is_transparent_v<key_equal>, std::conditional_t<false, Other, std::pair<iterator, iterator>>>
equal_range(const Other &value) {
const auto it = find(value);
return {it, it + !(it == end())};
}
/*! @copydoc equal_range */
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::enable_if_t<is_transparent_v<hasher> && is_transparent_v<key_equal>, std::conditional_t<false, Other, std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>>>
equal_range(const Other &value) const {
const auto it = find(value);
return {it, it + !(it == cend())};
}
/**
* @brief Checks if the container contains an element with a given value.
* @param value Value of an element to search for.
* @return True if there is such an element, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] bool contains(const value_type &value) const {
return (find(value) != cend());
}
/**
* @brief Checks if the container contains an element that compares
* _equivalent_ to a given value.
* @tparam Other Type of an element to search for.
* @param value Value of an element to search for.
* @return True if there is such an element, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Other>
[[nodiscard]] std::enable_if_t<is_transparent_v<hasher> && is_transparent_v<key_equal>, std::conditional_t<false, Other, bool>>
contains(const Other &value) const {
return (find(value) != cend());
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the beginning of a given bucket.
* @param index An index of a bucket to access.
* @return An iterator to the beginning of the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_local_iterator cbegin(const size_type index) const {
return {packed.first().begin(), sparse.first()[index]};
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the beginning of a given bucket.
* @param index An index of a bucket to access.
* @return An iterator to the beginning of the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_local_iterator begin(const size_type index) const {
return cbegin(index);
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the beginning of a given bucket.
* @param index An index of a bucket to access.
* @return An iterator to the beginning of the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] local_iterator begin(const size_type index) {
return {packed.first().begin(), sparse.first()[index]};
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the end of a given bucket.
* @param index An index of a bucket to access.
* @return An iterator to the end of the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_local_iterator cend([[maybe_unused]] const size_type index) const {
return {packed.first().begin(), (std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)()};
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the end of a given bucket.
* @param index An index of a bucket to access.
* @return An iterator to the end of the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_local_iterator end(const size_type index) const {
return cend(index);
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the end of a given bucket.
* @param index An index of a bucket to access.
* @return An iterator to the end of the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] local_iterator end([[maybe_unused]] const size_type index) {
return {packed.first().begin(), (std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)()};
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of buckets.
* @return The number of buckets.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type bucket_count() const {
return sparse.first().size();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the maximum number of buckets.
* @return The maximum number of buckets.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type max_bucket_count() const {
return sparse.first().max_size();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of elements in a given bucket.
* @param index The index of the bucket to examine.
* @return The number of elements in the given bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type bucket_size(const size_type index) const {
return static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(begin(index), end(index)));
}
/**
* @brief Returns the bucket for a given element.
* @param value The value of the element to examine.
* @return The bucket for the given element.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type bucket(const value_type &value) const {
return value_to_bucket(value);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the average number of elements per bucket.
* @return The average number of elements per bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] float load_factor() const {
return static_cast<float>(size()) / static_cast<float>(bucket_count());
}
/**
* @brief Returns the maximum average number of elements per bucket.
* @return The maximum average number of elements per bucket.
*/
[[nodiscard]] float max_load_factor() const {
return threshold;
}
/**
* @brief Sets the desired maximum average number of elements per bucket.
* @param value A desired maximum average number of elements per bucket.
*/
void max_load_factor(const float value) {
ENTT_ASSERT(value > 0.f, "Invalid load factor");
threshold = value;
rehash(0u);
}
/**
* @brief Reserves at least the specified number of buckets and regenerates
* the hash table.
* @param cnt New number of buckets.
*/
void rehash(const size_type cnt) {
auto value = cnt > minimum_capacity ? cnt : minimum_capacity;
const auto cap = static_cast<size_type>(static_cast<float>(size()) / max_load_factor());
value = value > cap ? value : cap;
if(const auto sz = next_power_of_two(value); sz != bucket_count()) {
sparse.first().resize(sz);
for(auto &&elem: sparse.first()) {
elem = (std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)();
}
for(size_type pos{}, last = size(); pos < last; ++pos) {
const auto index = value_to_bucket(packed.first()[pos].second);
packed.first()[pos].first = std::exchange(sparse.first()[index], pos);
}
}
}
/**
* @brief Reserves space for at least the specified number of elements and
* regenerates the hash table.
* @param cnt New number of elements.
*/
void reserve(const size_type cnt) {
packed.first().reserve(cnt);
rehash(static_cast<size_type>(std::ceil(static_cast<float>(cnt) / max_load_factor())));
}
/**
* @brief Returns the function used to hash the elements.
* @return The function used to hash the elements.
*/
[[nodiscard]] hasher hash_function() const {
return sparse.second();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the function used to compare elements for equality.
* @return The function used to compare elements for equality.
*/
[[nodiscard]] key_equal key_eq() const {
return packed.second();
}
private:
compressed_pair<sparse_container_type, hasher> sparse;
compressed_pair<packed_container_type, key_equal> packed;
float threshold{default_threshold};
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CONTAINER_FWD_HPP
#define ENTT_CONTAINER_FWD_HPP
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
namespace entt {
template<
typename Key,
typename Type,
typename = std::hash<Key>,
typename = std::equal_to<>,
typename = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, Type>>>
class dense_map;
template<
typename Type,
typename = std::hash<Type>,
typename = std::equal_to<>,
typename = std::allocator<Type>>
class dense_set;
template<typename...>
class basic_table;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Type Element types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
using table = basic_table<std::vector<Type>...>;
} // namespace entt
#endif

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@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
#ifndef ENTT_CONTAINER_TABLE_HPP
#define ENTT_CONTAINER_TABLE_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <iterator>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/iterator.hpp"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename... It>
class table_iterator {
template<typename...>
friend class table_iterator;
public:
using value_type = decltype(std::forward_as_tuple(*std::declval<It>()...));
using pointer = input_iterator_pointer<value_type>;
using reference = value_type;
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
using iterator_concept = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
constexpr table_iterator() noexcept
: it{} {}
constexpr table_iterator(It... from) noexcept
: it{from...} {}
template<typename... Other, typename = std::enable_if_t<(std::is_constructible_v<It, Other> && ...)>>
constexpr table_iterator(const table_iterator<Other...> &other) noexcept
: table_iterator{std::get<Other>(other.it)...} {}
constexpr table_iterator &operator++() noexcept {
return (++std::get<It>(it), ...), *this;
}
constexpr table_iterator operator++(int) noexcept {
const table_iterator orig = *this;
return ++(*this), orig;
}
constexpr table_iterator &operator--() noexcept {
return (--std::get<It>(it), ...), *this;
}
constexpr table_iterator operator--(int) noexcept {
const table_iterator orig = *this;
return operator--(), orig;
}
constexpr table_iterator &operator+=(const difference_type value) noexcept {
return ((std::get<It>(it) += value), ...), *this;
}
constexpr table_iterator operator+(const difference_type value) const noexcept {
table_iterator copy = *this;
return (copy += value);
}
constexpr table_iterator &operator-=(const difference_type value) noexcept {
return (*this += -value);
}
constexpr table_iterator operator-(const difference_type value) const noexcept {
return (*this + -value);
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator[](const difference_type value) const noexcept {
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::get<It>(it)[value]...);
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept {
return {operator[](0)};
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept {
return operator[](0);
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
friend constexpr std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &) noexcept;
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
friend constexpr bool operator==(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &) noexcept;
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
friend constexpr bool operator<(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &) noexcept;
private:
std::tuple<It...> it;
};
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return std::get<0>(lhs.it) - std::get<0>(rhs.it);
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return std::get<0>(lhs.it) == std::get<0>(rhs.it);
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return std::get<0>(lhs.it) < std::get<0>(rhs.it);
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return rhs < lhs;
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<=(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs > rhs);
}
template<typename... Lhs, typename... Rhs>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>=(const table_iterator<Lhs...> &lhs, const table_iterator<Rhs...> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs < rhs);
}
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Basic table implementation.
*
* Internal data structures arrange elements to maximize performance. There are
* no guarantees that objects are returned in the insertion order when iterate
* a table. Do not make assumption on the order in any case.
*
* @tparam Container Sequence container row types.
*/
template<typename... Container>
class basic_table {
using container_type = std::tuple<Container...>;
public:
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using size_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Signed integer type. */
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
/*! @brief Input iterator type. */
using iterator = internal::table_iterator<typename Container::iterator...>;
/*! @brief Constant input iterator type. */
using const_iterator = internal::table_iterator<typename Container::const_iterator...>;
/*! @brief Reverse iterator type. */
using reverse_iterator = internal::table_iterator<typename Container::reverse_iterator...>;
/*! @brief Constant reverse iterator type. */
using const_reverse_iterator = internal::table_iterator<typename Container::const_reverse_iterator...>;
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
basic_table()
: payload{} {
}
/**
* @brief Copy constructs the underlying containers.
* @param container The containers to copy from.
*/
explicit basic_table(const Container &...container) noexcept
: payload{container...} {
ENTT_ASSERT((((std::get<Container>(payload).size() * sizeof...(Container)) == (std::get<Container>(payload).size() + ...)) && ...), "Unexpected container size");
}
/**
* @brief Move constructs the underlying containers.
* @param container The containers to move from.
*/
explicit basic_table(Container &&...container) noexcept
: payload{std::move(container)...} {
ENTT_ASSERT((((std::get<Container>(payload).size() * sizeof...(Container)) == (std::get<Container>(payload).size() + ...)) && ...), "Unexpected container size");
}
/*! @brief Default copy constructor, deleted on purpose. */
basic_table(const basic_table &) = delete;
/**
* @brief Move constructor.
* @param other The instance to move from.
*/
basic_table(basic_table &&other) noexcept
: payload{std::move(other.payload)} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs the underlying containers using a given allocator.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param allocator A valid allocator.
*/
template<typename Allocator>
explicit basic_table(const Allocator &allocator)
: payload{Container{allocator}...} {}
/**
* @brief Copy constructs the underlying containers using a given allocator.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param container The containers to copy from.
* @param allocator A valid allocator.
*/
template<class Allocator>
basic_table(const Container &...container, const Allocator &allocator) noexcept
: payload{Container{container, allocator}...} {
ENTT_ASSERT((((std::get<Container>(payload).size() * sizeof...(Container)) == (std::get<Container>(payload).size() + ...)) && ...), "Unexpected container size");
}
/**
* @brief Move constructs the underlying containers using a given allocator.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param container The containers to move from.
* @param allocator A valid allocator.
*/
template<class Allocator>
basic_table(Container &&...container, const Allocator &allocator) noexcept
: payload{Container{std::move(container), allocator}...} {
ENTT_ASSERT((((std::get<Container>(payload).size() * sizeof...(Container)) == (std::get<Container>(payload).size() + ...)) && ...), "Unexpected container size");
}
/**
* @brief Allocator-extended move constructor.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param other The instance to move from.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
*/
template<class Allocator>
basic_table(basic_table &&other, const Allocator &allocator)
: payload{Container{std::move(std::get<Container>(other.payload)), allocator}...} {}
/*! @brief Default destructor. */
~basic_table() = default;
/**
* @brief Default copy assignment operator, deleted on purpose.
* @return This container.
*/
basic_table &operator=(const basic_table &) = delete;
/**
* @brief Move assignment operator.
* @param other The instance to move from.
* @return This container.
*/
basic_table &operator=(basic_table &&other) noexcept {
swap(other);
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Exchanges the contents with those of a given table.
* @param other Table to exchange the content with.
*/
void swap(basic_table &other) noexcept {
using std::swap;
swap(payload, other.payload);
}
/**
* @brief Increases the capacity of a table.
*
* If the new capacity is greater than the current capacity, new storage is
* allocated, otherwise the method does nothing.
*
* @param cap Desired capacity.
*/
void reserve(const size_type cap) {
(std::get<Container>(payload).reserve(cap), ...);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of rows that a table has currently allocated
* space for.
* @return Capacity of the table.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type capacity() const noexcept {
return std::get<0>(payload).capacity();
}
/*! @brief Requests the removal of unused capacity. */
void shrink_to_fit() {
(std::get<Container>(payload).shrink_to_fit(), ...);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the number of rows in a table.
* @return Number of rows.
*/
[[nodiscard]] size_type size() const noexcept {
return std::get<0>(payload).size();
}
/**
* @brief Checks whether a table is empty.
* @return True if the table is empty, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept {
return std::get<0>(payload).empty();
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the beginning.
*
* If the table is empty, the returned iterator will be equal to `end()`.
*
* @return An iterator to the first row of the table.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).cbegin()...};
}
/*! @copydoc cbegin */
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator begin() const noexcept {
return cbegin();
}
/*! @copydoc begin */
[[nodiscard]] iterator begin() noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).begin()...};
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the end.
* @return An iterator to the element following the last row of the table.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator cend() const noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).cend()...};
}
/*! @copydoc cend */
[[nodiscard]] const_iterator end() const noexcept {
return cend();
}
/*! @copydoc end */
[[nodiscard]] iterator end() noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).end()...};
}
/**
* @brief Returns a reverse iterator to the beginning.
*
* If the table is empty, the returned iterator will be equal to `rend()`.
*
* @return An iterator to the first row of the reversed table.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).crbegin()...};
}
/*! @copydoc crbegin */
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept {
return crbegin();
}
/*! @copydoc rbegin */
[[nodiscard]] reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).rbegin()...};
}
/**
* @brief Returns a reverse iterator to the end.
* @return An iterator to the element following the last row of the reversed
* table.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).crend()...};
}
/*! @copydoc crend */
[[nodiscard]] const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept {
return crend();
}
/*! @copydoc rend */
[[nodiscard]] reverse_iterator rend() noexcept {
return {std::get<Container>(payload).rend()...};
}
/**
* @brief Appends a row to the end of a table.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the row data.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the row data.
* @return A reference to the newly created row data.
*/
template<typename... Args>
std::tuple<typename Container::value_type &...> emplace(Args &&...args) {
if constexpr(sizeof...(Args) == 0u) {
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::get<Container>(payload).emplace_back()...);
} else {
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::get<Container>(payload).emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args))...);
}
}
/**
* @brief Removes a row from a table.
* @param pos An iterator to the row to remove.
* @return An iterator following the removed row.
*/
iterator erase(const_iterator pos) {
const auto diff = pos - begin();
return {std::get<Container>(payload).erase(std::get<Container>(payload).begin() + diff)...};
}
/**
* @brief Removes a row from a table.
* @param pos Index of the row to remove.
*/
void erase(const size_type pos) {
ENTT_ASSERT(pos < size(), "Index out of bounds");
erase(begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(pos));
}
/**
* @brief Returns the row data at specified location.
* @param pos The row for which to return the data.
* @return The row data at specified location.
*/
[[nodiscard]] std::tuple<const typename Container::value_type &...> operator[](const size_type pos) const {
ENTT_ASSERT(pos < size(), "Index out of bounds");
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::get<Container>(payload)[pos]...);
}
/*! @copydoc operator[] */
[[nodiscard]] std::tuple<typename Container::value_type &...> operator[](const size_type pos) {
ENTT_ASSERT(pos < size(), "Index out of bounds");
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::get<Container>(payload)[pos]...);
}
/*! @brief Clears a table. */
void clear() {
(std::get<Container>(payload).clear(), ...);
}
private:
container_type payload;
};
} // namespace entt
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace std {
template<typename... Container, typename Allocator>
struct uses_allocator<entt::basic_table<Container...>, Allocator>
: std::bool_constant<(std::uses_allocator_v<Container, Allocator> && ...)> {};
} // namespace std
/*! @endcond */
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_ALGORITHM_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_ALGORITHM_HPP
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "utility.hpp"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Function object to wrap `std::sort` in a class type.
*
* Unfortunately, `std::sort` cannot be passed as template argument to a class
* template or a function template.<br/>
* This class fills the gap by wrapping some flavors of `std::sort` in a
* function object.
*/
struct std_sort {
/**
* @brief Sorts the elements in a range.
*
* Sorts the elements in a range using the given binary comparison function.
*
* @tparam It Type of random access iterator.
* @tparam Compare Type of comparison function object.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to forward to the sort function.
* @param first An iterator to the first element of the range to sort.
* @param last An iterator past the last element of the range to sort.
* @param compare A valid comparison function object.
* @param args Arguments to forward to the sort function, if any.
*/
template<typename It, typename Compare = std::less<>, typename... Args>
void operator()(It first, It last, Compare compare = Compare{}, Args &&...args) const {
std::sort(std::forward<Args>(args)..., std::move(first), std::move(last), std::move(compare));
}
};
/*! @brief Function object for performing insertion sort. */
struct insertion_sort {
/**
* @brief Sorts the elements in a range.
*
* Sorts the elements in a range using the given binary comparison function.
*
* @tparam It Type of random access iterator.
* @tparam Compare Type of comparison function object.
* @param first An iterator to the first element of the range to sort.
* @param last An iterator past the last element of the range to sort.
* @param compare A valid comparison function object.
*/
template<typename It, typename Compare = std::less<>>
void operator()(It first, It last, Compare compare = Compare{}) const {
if(first < last) {
for(auto it = first + 1; it < last; ++it) {
auto value = std::move(*it);
auto pre = it;
// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
for(; pre > first && compare(value, *(pre - 1)); --pre) {
*pre = std::move(*(pre - 1));
}
// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
*pre = std::move(value);
}
}
}
};
/**
* @brief Function object for performing LSD radix sort.
* @tparam Bit Number of bits processed per pass.
* @tparam N Maximum number of bits to sort.
*/
template<std::size_t Bit, std::size_t N>
struct radix_sort {
static_assert((N % Bit) == 0, "The maximum number of bits to sort must be a multiple of the number of bits processed per pass");
/**
* @brief Sorts the elements in a range.
*
* Sorts the elements in a range using the given _getter_ to access the
* actual data to be sorted.
*
* This implementation is inspired by the online book
* [Physically Based Rendering](http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Primitives_and_Intersection_Acceleration/Bounding_Volume_Hierarchies.html#RadixSort).
*
* @tparam It Type of random access iterator.
* @tparam Getter Type of _getter_ function object.
* @param first An iterator to the first element of the range to sort.
* @param last An iterator past the last element of the range to sort.
* @param getter A valid _getter_ function object.
*/
template<typename It, typename Getter = identity>
void operator()(It first, It last, Getter getter = Getter{}) const {
if(first < last) {
constexpr auto passes = N / Bit;
using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
using difference_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
std::vector<value_type> aux(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(first, last)));
auto part = [getter = std::move(getter)](auto from, auto to, auto out, auto start) {
constexpr auto mask = (1 << Bit) - 1;
constexpr auto buckets = 1 << Bit;
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays, misc-const-correctness)
std::size_t count[buckets]{};
for(auto it = from; it != to; ++it) {
++count[(getter(*it) >> start) & mask];
}
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
std::size_t index[buckets]{};
for(std::size_t pos{}, end = buckets - 1u; pos < end; ++pos) {
index[pos + 1u] = index[pos] + count[pos];
}
for(auto it = from; it != to; ++it) {
const auto pos = index[(getter(*it) >> start) & mask]++;
out[static_cast<difference_type>(pos)] = std::move(*it);
}
};
for(std::size_t pass = 0; pass < (passes & ~1u); pass += 2) {
part(first, last, aux.begin(), pass * Bit);
part(aux.begin(), aux.end(), first, (pass + 1) * Bit);
}
if constexpr(passes & 1) {
part(first, last, aux.begin(), (passes - 1) * Bit);
std::move(aux.begin(), aux.end(), first);
}
}
}
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_ANY_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_ANY_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/utility.hpp"
#include "fwd.hpp"
#include "type_info.hpp"
#include "type_traits.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
enum class any_request : std::uint8_t {
transfer,
assign,
destroy,
compare,
copy,
move,
get
};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief A SBO friendly, type-safe container for single values of any type.
* @tparam Len Size of the storage reserved for the small buffer optimization.
* @tparam Align Optional alignment requirement.
*/
template<std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
class basic_any {
using request = internal::any_request;
using vtable_type = const void *(const request, const basic_any &, const void *);
struct storage_type {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
alignas(Align) std::byte data[Len + static_cast<std::size_t>(Len == 0u)];
};
template<typename Type>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-sizeof-expression)
static constexpr bool in_situ = (Len != 0u) && alignof(Type) <= Align && sizeof(Type) <= Len && std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<Type>;
template<typename Type>
static const void *basic_vtable(const request req, const basic_any &value, const void *other) {
static_assert(!std::is_void_v<Type> && std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>, Type>, "Invalid type");
const Type *elem = nullptr;
if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
elem = (value.mode == any_policy::embedded) ? reinterpret_cast<const Type *>(&value.storage) : static_cast<const Type *>(value.instance);
} else {
elem = static_cast<const Type *>(value.instance);
}
switch(req) {
case request::transfer:
if constexpr(std::is_move_assignable_v<Type>) {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
*const_cast<Type *>(elem) = std::move(*static_cast<Type *>(const_cast<void *>(other)));
return other;
}
[[fallthrough]];
case request::assign:
if constexpr(std::is_copy_assignable_v<Type>) {
*const_cast<Type *>(elem) = *static_cast<const Type *>(other);
return other;
}
break;
case request::destroy:
if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
(value.mode == any_policy::embedded) ? elem->~Type() : (delete elem);
} else if constexpr(std::is_array_v<Type>) {
delete[] elem;
} else {
delete elem;
}
break;
case request::compare:
if constexpr(!std::is_function_v<Type> && !std::is_array_v<Type> && is_equality_comparable_v<Type>) {
return (*elem == *static_cast<const Type *>(other)) ? other : nullptr;
} else {
return (elem == other) ? other : nullptr;
}
case request::copy:
if constexpr(std::is_copy_constructible_v<Type>) {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
static_cast<basic_any *>(const_cast<void *>(other))->initialize<Type>(*elem);
}
break;
case request::move:
ENTT_ASSERT(value.mode == any_policy::embedded, "Unexpected policy");
if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void, bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion)
return ::new(&static_cast<basic_any *>(const_cast<void *>(other))->storage) Type{std::move(*const_cast<Type *>(elem))};
}
[[fallthrough]];
case request::get:
ENTT_ASSERT(value.mode == any_policy::embedded, "Unexpected policy");
if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion)
return elem;
}
}
return nullptr;
}
template<typename Type, typename... Args>
void initialize([[maybe_unused]] Args &&...args) {
if constexpr(!std::is_void_v<Type>) {
using plain_type = std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>;
info = &type_id<plain_type>();
vtable = basic_vtable<plain_type>;
if constexpr(std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Type>) {
static_assert((std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Args> && ...) && (sizeof...(Args) == 1u), "Invalid arguments");
mode = std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<Type>> ? any_policy::cref : any_policy::ref;
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion)
instance = (std::addressof(args), ...);
} else if constexpr(in_situ<plain_type>) {
mode = any_policy::embedded;
if constexpr(std::is_aggregate_v<plain_type> && (sizeof...(Args) != 0u || !std::is_default_constructible_v<plain_type>)) {
::new(&storage) plain_type{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
} else {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay)
::new(&storage) plain_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
} else {
mode = any_policy::dynamic;
if constexpr(std::is_aggregate_v<plain_type> && (sizeof...(Args) != 0u || !std::is_default_constructible_v<plain_type>)) {
instance = new plain_type{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
} else if constexpr(std::is_array_v<plain_type>) {
static_assert(sizeof...(Args) == 0u, "Invalid arguments");
instance = new plain_type[std::extent_v<plain_type>]();
} else {
instance = new plain_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
}
}
}
basic_any(const basic_any &other, const any_policy pol) noexcept
: instance{other.data()},
info{other.info},
vtable{other.vtable},
mode{pol} {}
public:
/*! @brief Size of the internal storage. */
static constexpr auto length = Len;
/*! @brief Alignment requirement. */
static constexpr auto alignment = Align;
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
constexpr basic_any() noexcept
: basic_any{std::in_place_type<void>} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs a wrapper by directly initializing the new object.
* @tparam Type Type of object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the new instance.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the instance.
*/
template<typename Type, typename... Args>
explicit basic_any(std::in_place_type_t<Type>, Args &&...args)
: instance{} {
initialize<Type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
/**
* @brief Constructs a wrapper taking ownership of the passed object.
* @tparam Type Type of object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @param value A pointer to an object to take ownership of.
*/
template<typename Type>
explicit basic_any(std::in_place_t, Type *value)
: instance{} {
static_assert(!std::is_const_v<Type> && !std::is_void_v<Type>, "Non-const non-void pointer required");
if(value != nullptr) {
initialize<Type &>(*value);
mode = any_policy::dynamic;
}
}
/**
* @brief Constructs a wrapper from a given value.
* @tparam Type Type of object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @param value An instance of an object to use to initialize the wrapper.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Type>, basic_any>>>
basic_any(Type &&value)
: basic_any{std::in_place_type<std::decay_t<Type>>, std::forward<Type>(value)} {}
/**
* @brief Copy constructor.
* @param other The instance to copy from.
*/
basic_any(const basic_any &other)
: basic_any{} {
if(other.vtable) {
other.vtable(request::copy, other, this);
}
}
/**
* @brief Move constructor.
* @param other The instance to move from.
*/
basic_any(basic_any &&other) noexcept
: instance{},
info{other.info},
vtable{other.vtable},
mode{other.mode} {
if(other.mode == any_policy::embedded) {
other.vtable(request::move, other, this);
} else if(other.mode != any_policy::empty) {
instance = std::exchange(other.instance, nullptr);
}
}
/*! @brief Frees the internal storage, whatever it means. */
~basic_any() {
if(owner()) {
vtable(request::destroy, *this, nullptr);
}
}
/**
* @brief Copy assignment operator.
* @param other The instance to copy from.
* @return This any object.
*/
basic_any &operator=(const basic_any &other) {
if(this != &other) {
reset();
if(other.vtable) {
other.vtable(request::copy, other, this);
}
}
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Move assignment operator.
*
* @warning
* Self-moving puts objects in a safe but unspecified state.
*
* @param other The instance to move from.
* @return This any object.
*/
basic_any &operator=(basic_any &&other) noexcept {
reset();
if(other.mode == any_policy::embedded) {
other.vtable(request::move, other, this);
} else if(other.mode != any_policy::empty) {
instance = std::exchange(other.instance, nullptr);
}
info = other.info;
vtable = other.vtable;
mode = other.mode;
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Value assignment operator.
* @tparam Type Type of object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @param value An instance of an object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @return This any object.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Type>, basic_any>>>
basic_any &operator=(Type &&value) {
emplace<std::decay_t<Type>>(std::forward<Type>(value));
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Returns the object type if any, `type_id<void>()` otherwise.
* @return The object type if any, `type_id<void>()` otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const type_info &type() const noexcept {
return (info == nullptr) ? type_id<void>() : *info;
}
/**
* @brief Returns an opaque pointer to the contained instance.
* @return An opaque pointer the contained instance, if any.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const void *data() const noexcept {
return (mode == any_policy::embedded) ? vtable(request::get, *this, nullptr) : instance;
}
/**
* @brief Returns an opaque pointer to the contained instance.
* @param req Expected type.
* @return An opaque pointer the contained instance, if any.
*/
[[nodiscard]] const void *data(const type_info &req) const noexcept {
return (type() == req) ? data() : nullptr;
}
/**
* @brief Returns an opaque pointer to the contained instance.
* @return An opaque pointer the contained instance, if any.
*/
[[nodiscard]] void *data() noexcept {
return mode == any_policy::cref ? nullptr : const_cast<void *>(std::as_const(*this).data());
}
/**
* @brief Returns an opaque pointer to the contained instance.
* @param req Expected type.
* @return An opaque pointer the contained instance, if any.
*/
[[nodiscard]] void *data(const type_info &req) noexcept {
return mode == any_policy::cref ? nullptr : const_cast<void *>(std::as_const(*this).data(req));
}
/**
* @brief Replaces the contained object by creating a new instance directly.
* @tparam Type Type of object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the new instance.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the instance.
*/
template<typename Type, typename... Args>
void emplace(Args &&...args) {
reset();
initialize<Type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
/**
* @brief Assigns a value to the contained object without replacing it.
* @param other The value to assign to the contained object.
* @return True in case of success, false otherwise.
*/
bool assign(const basic_any &other) {
if(vtable && mode != any_policy::cref && *info == other.type()) {
return (vtable(request::assign, *this, other.data()) != nullptr);
}
return false;
}
/*! @copydoc assign */
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved)
bool assign(basic_any &&other) {
if(vtable && mode != any_policy::cref && *info == other.type()) {
if(auto *val = other.data(); val) {
return (vtable(request::transfer, *this, val) != nullptr);
}
return (vtable(request::assign, *this, std::as_const(other).data()) != nullptr);
}
return false;
}
/*! @brief Destroys contained object */
void reset() {
if(owner()) {
vtable(request::destroy, *this, nullptr);
}
instance = nullptr;
info = nullptr;
vtable = nullptr;
mode = any_policy::empty;
}
/**
* @brief Returns false if a wrapper is empty, true otherwise.
* @return False if the wrapper is empty, true otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
return vtable != nullptr;
}
/**
* @brief Checks if two wrappers differ in their content.
* @param other Wrapper with which to compare.
* @return False if the two objects differ in their content, true otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const basic_any &other) const noexcept {
if(vtable && *info == other.type()) {
return (vtable(request::compare, *this, other.data()) != nullptr);
}
return (!vtable && !other.vtable);
}
/**
* @brief Checks if two wrappers differ in their content.
* @param other Wrapper with which to compare.
* @return True if the two objects differ in their content, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] bool operator!=(const basic_any &other) const noexcept {
return !(*this == other);
}
/**
* @brief Aliasing constructor.
* @return A wrapper that shares a reference to an unmanaged object.
*/
[[nodiscard]] basic_any as_ref() noexcept {
return basic_any{*this, (mode == any_policy::cref ? any_policy::cref : any_policy::ref)};
}
/*! @copydoc as_ref */
[[nodiscard]] basic_any as_ref() const noexcept {
return basic_any{*this, any_policy::cref};
}
/**
* @brief Returns true if a wrapper owns its object, false otherwise.
* @return True if the wrapper owns its object, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] bool owner() const noexcept {
return (mode == any_policy::dynamic || mode == any_policy::embedded);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the current mode of an any object.
* @return The current mode of the any object.
*/
[[nodiscard]] any_policy policy() const noexcept {
return mode;
}
private:
union {
const void *instance;
storage_type storage;
};
const type_info *info{};
vtable_type *vtable{};
any_policy mode{any_policy::empty};
};
/**
* @brief Performs type-safe access to the contained object.
* @tparam Type Type to which conversion is required.
* @tparam Len Size of the storage reserved for the small buffer optimization.
* @tparam Align Alignment requirement.
* @param data Target any object.
* @return The element converted to the requested type.
*/
template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] std::remove_const_t<Type> any_cast(const basic_any<Len, Align> &data) noexcept {
const auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>(&data);
ENTT_ASSERT(instance, "Invalid instance");
return static_cast<Type>(*instance);
}
/*! @copydoc any_cast */
template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] std::remove_const_t<Type> any_cast(basic_any<Len, Align> &data) noexcept {
// forces const on non-reference types to make them work also with wrappers for const references
auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<const Type>>(&data);
ENTT_ASSERT(instance, "Invalid instance");
return static_cast<Type>(*instance);
}
/*! @copydoc any_cast */
template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved)
[[nodiscard]] std::remove_const_t<Type> any_cast(basic_any<Len, Align> &&data) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::is_copy_constructible_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>) {
if(auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>(&data); instance) {
return static_cast<Type>(std::move(*instance));
}
return any_cast<Type>(data);
} else {
auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>(&data);
ENTT_ASSERT(instance, "Invalid instance");
return static_cast<Type>(std::move(*instance));
}
}
/*! @copydoc any_cast */
template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] const Type *any_cast(const basic_any<Len, Align> *data) noexcept {
const auto &info = type_id<std::remove_cv_t<Type>>();
return static_cast<const Type *>(data->data(info));
}
/*! @copydoc any_cast */
template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] Type *any_cast(basic_any<Len, Align> *data) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::is_const_v<Type>) {
// last attempt to make wrappers for const references return their values
return any_cast<Type>(&std::as_const(*data));
} else {
const auto &info = type_id<std::remove_cv_t<Type>>();
return static_cast<Type *>(data->data(info));
}
}
/**
* @brief Constructs a wrapper from a given type, passing it all arguments.
* @tparam Type Type of object to use to initialize the wrapper.
* @tparam Len Size of the storage reserved for the small buffer optimization.
* @tparam Align Optional alignment requirement.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the new instance.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the instance.
* @return A properly initialized wrapper for an object of the given type.
*/
template<typename Type, std::size_t Len = basic_any<>::length, std::size_t Align = basic_any<Len>::alignment, typename... Args>
[[nodiscard]] basic_any<Len, Align> make_any(Args &&...args) {
return basic_any<Len, Align>{std::in_place_type<Type>, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
}
/**
* @brief Forwards its argument and avoids copies for lvalue references.
* @tparam Len Size of the storage reserved for the small buffer optimization.
* @tparam Align Optional alignment requirement.
* @tparam Type Type of argument to use to construct the new instance.
* @param value Parameter to use to construct the instance.
* @return A properly initialized and not necessarily owning wrapper.
*/
template<std::size_t Len = basic_any<>::length, std::size_t Align = basic_any<Len>::alignment, typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] basic_any<Len, Align> forward_as_any(Type &&value) {
return basic_any<Len, Align>{std::in_place_type<Type &&>, std::forward<Type>(value)};
}
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_ATTRIBUTE_H
#define ENTT_CORE_ATTRIBUTE_H
#ifndef ENTT_EXPORT
# if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__ || defined _MSC_VER
# define ENTT_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
# define ENTT_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
# define ENTT_HIDDEN
# elif defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
# define ENTT_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
# define ENTT_IMPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
# define ENTT_HIDDEN __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
# else /* Unsupported compiler */
# define ENTT_EXPORT
# define ENTT_IMPORT
# define ENTT_HIDDEN
# endif
#endif
#ifndef ENTT_API
# if defined ENTT_API_EXPORT
# define ENTT_API ENTT_EXPORT
# elif defined ENTT_API_IMPORT
# define ENTT_API ENTT_IMPORT
# else /* No API */
# define ENTT_API
# endif
#endif
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_BIT_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_BIT_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>
#include "../config/config.h"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Returns the number of set bits in a value (waiting for C++20 and
* `std::popcount`).
* @tparam Type Unsigned integer type.
* @param value A value of unsigned integer type.
* @return The number of set bits in the value.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<Type>, int> popcount(const Type value) noexcept {
return value ? (int(value & 1) + popcount(static_cast<Type>(value >> 1))) : 0;
}
/**
* @brief Checks whether a value is a power of two or not (waiting for C++20 and
* `std::has_single_bit`).
* @tparam Type Unsigned integer type.
* @param value A value of unsigned integer type.
* @return True if the value is a power of two, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<Type>, bool> has_single_bit(const Type value) noexcept {
return value && ((value & (value - 1)) == 0);
}
/**
* @brief Computes the smallest power of two greater than or equal to a value
* (waiting for C++20 and `std::bit_ceil`).
* @tparam Type Unsigned integer type.
* @param value A value of unsigned integer type.
* @return The smallest power of two greater than or equal to the given value.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<Type>, Type> next_power_of_two(const Type value) noexcept {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-assert-side-effect)
ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR(value < (Type{1u} << (std::numeric_limits<Type>::digits - 1)), "Numeric limits exceeded");
Type curr = value - (value != 0u);
for(int next = 1; next < std::numeric_limits<Type>::digits; next = next * 2) {
curr |= (curr >> next);
}
return ++curr;
}
/**
* @brief Fast module utility function (powers of two only).
* @tparam Type Unsigned integer type.
* @param value A value of unsigned integer type.
* @param mod _Modulus_, it must be a power of two.
* @return The common remainder.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<Type>, Type> fast_mod(const Type value, const std::size_t mod) noexcept {
ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR(has_single_bit(mod), "Value must be a power of two");
return static_cast<Type>(value & (mod - 1u));
}
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "fwd.hpp"
#include "type_traits.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename Type, std::size_t, typename = void>
struct compressed_pair_element {
using reference = Type &;
using const_reference = const Type &;
template<typename Dummy = Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_default_constructible_v<Dummy>>>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-equals-default)
constexpr compressed_pair_element() noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<Type>) {}
template<typename Arg, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Arg>>, compressed_pair_element>>>
constexpr compressed_pair_element(Arg &&arg) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<Type, Arg>)
: value{std::forward<Arg>(arg)} {}
template<typename... Args, std::size_t... Index>
constexpr compressed_pair_element(std::tuple<Args...> args, std::index_sequence<Index...>) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<Type, Args...>)
: value{std::forward<Args>(std::get<Index>(args))...} {}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference get() noexcept {
return value;
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reference get() const noexcept {
return value;
}
private:
Type value{};
};
template<typename Type, std::size_t Tag>
struct compressed_pair_element<Type, Tag, std::enable_if_t<is_ebco_eligible_v<Type>>>: Type {
using reference = Type &;
using const_reference = const Type &;
using base_type = Type;
template<typename Dummy = Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_default_constructible_v<Dummy>>>
constexpr compressed_pair_element() noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<base_type>)
: base_type{} {}
template<typename Arg, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Arg>>, compressed_pair_element>>>
constexpr compressed_pair_element(Arg &&arg) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_type, Arg>)
: base_type{std::forward<Arg>(arg)} {}
template<typename... Args, std::size_t... Index>
constexpr compressed_pair_element(std::tuple<Args...> args, std::index_sequence<Index...>) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_type, Args...>)
: base_type{std::forward<Args>(std::get<Index>(args))...} {}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference get() noexcept {
return *this;
}
[[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reference get() const noexcept {
return *this;
}
};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief A compressed pair.
*
* A pair that exploits the _Empty Base Class Optimization_ (or _EBCO_) to
* reduce its final size to a minimum.
*
* @tparam First The type of the first element that the pair stores.
* @tparam Second The type of the second element that the pair stores.
*/
template<typename First, typename Second>
class compressed_pair final
: internal::compressed_pair_element<First, 0u>,
internal::compressed_pair_element<Second, 1u> {
using first_base = internal::compressed_pair_element<First, 0u>;
using second_base = internal::compressed_pair_element<Second, 1u>;
public:
/*! @brief The type of the first element that the pair stores. */
using first_type = First;
/*! @brief The type of the second element that the pair stores. */
using second_type = Second;
/**
* @brief Default constructor, conditionally enabled.
*
* This constructor is only available when the types that the pair stores
* are both at least default constructible.
*
* @tparam Dummy Dummy template parameter used for internal purposes.
*/
template<bool Dummy = true, typename = std::enable_if_t<Dummy && std::is_default_constructible_v<first_type> && std::is_default_constructible_v<second_type>>>
constexpr compressed_pair() noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<first_base> && std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<second_base>)
: first_base{},
second_base{} {}
/**
* @brief Copy constructor.
* @param other The instance to copy from.
*/
constexpr compressed_pair(const compressed_pair &other) = default;
/**
* @brief Move constructor.
* @param other The instance to move from.
*/
constexpr compressed_pair(compressed_pair &&other) noexcept = default;
/**
* @brief Constructs a pair from its values.
* @tparam Arg Type of value to use to initialize the first element.
* @tparam Other Type of value to use to initialize the second element.
* @param arg Value to use to initialize the first element.
* @param other Value to use to initialize the second element.
*/
template<typename Arg, typename Other>
constexpr compressed_pair(Arg &&arg, Other &&other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<first_base, Arg> && std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<second_base, Other>)
: first_base{std::forward<Arg>(arg)},
second_base{std::forward<Other>(other)} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs a pair by forwarding the arguments to its parts.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to initialize the first element.
* @tparam Other Types of arguments to use to initialize the second element.
* @param args Arguments to use to initialize the first element.
* @param other Arguments to use to initialize the second element.
*/
template<typename... Args, typename... Other>
constexpr compressed_pair(std::piecewise_construct_t, std::tuple<Args...> args, std::tuple<Other...> other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<first_base, Args...> && std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<second_base, Other...>)
: first_base{std::move(args), std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{}},
second_base{std::move(other), std::index_sequence_for<Other...>{}} {}
/*! @brief Default destructor. */
~compressed_pair() = default;
/**
* @brief Copy assignment operator.
* @param other The instance to copy from.
* @return This compressed pair object.
*/
constexpr compressed_pair &operator=(const compressed_pair &other) = default;
/**
* @brief Move assignment operator.
* @param other The instance to move from.
* @return This compressed pair object.
*/
constexpr compressed_pair &operator=(compressed_pair &&other) noexcept = default;
/**
* @brief Returns the first element that a pair stores.
* @return The first element that a pair stores.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr first_type &first() noexcept {
return static_cast<first_base &>(*this).get();
}
/*! @copydoc first */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr const first_type &first() const noexcept {
return static_cast<const first_base &>(*this).get();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the second element that a pair stores.
* @return The second element that a pair stores.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr second_type &second() noexcept {
return static_cast<second_base &>(*this).get();
}
/*! @copydoc second */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr const second_type &second() const noexcept {
return static_cast<const second_base &>(*this).get();
}
/**
* @brief Swaps two compressed pair objects.
* @param other The compressed pair to swap with.
*/
constexpr void swap(compressed_pair &other) noexcept {
using std::swap;
swap(first(), other.first());
swap(second(), other.second());
}
/**
* @brief Extracts an element from the compressed pair.
* @tparam Index An integer value that is either 0 or 1.
* @return Returns a reference to the first element if `Index` is 0 and a
* reference to the second element if `Index` is 1.
*/
template<std::size_t Index>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr decltype(auto) get() noexcept {
if constexpr(Index == 0u) {
return first();
} else {
static_assert(Index == 1u, "Index out of bounds");
return second();
}
}
/*! @copydoc get */
template<std::size_t Index>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr decltype(auto) get() const noexcept {
if constexpr(Index == 0u) {
return first();
} else {
static_assert(Index == 1u, "Index out of bounds");
return second();
}
}
};
/**
* @brief Deduction guide.
* @tparam Type Type of value to use to initialize the first element.
* @tparam Other Type of value to use to initialize the second element.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Other>
compressed_pair(Type &&, Other &&) -> compressed_pair<std::decay_t<Type>, std::decay_t<Other>>;
/**
* @brief Swaps two compressed pair objects.
* @tparam First The type of the first element that the pairs store.
* @tparam Second The type of the second element that the pairs store.
* @param lhs A valid compressed pair object.
* @param rhs A valid compressed pair object.
*/
template<typename First, typename Second>
constexpr void swap(compressed_pair<First, Second> &lhs, compressed_pair<First, Second> &rhs) noexcept {
lhs.swap(rhs);
}
} // namespace entt
namespace std {
/**
* @brief `std::tuple_size` specialization for `compressed_pair`s.
* @tparam First The type of the first element that the pair stores.
* @tparam Second The type of the second element that the pair stores.
*/
template<typename First, typename Second>
struct tuple_size<entt::compressed_pair<First, Second>>: integral_constant<size_t, 2u> {};
/**
* @brief `std::tuple_element` specialization for `compressed_pair`s.
* @tparam Index The index of the type to return.
* @tparam First The type of the first element that the pair stores.
* @tparam Second The type of the second element that the pair stores.
*/
template<size_t Index, typename First, typename Second>
struct tuple_element<Index, entt::compressed_pair<First, Second>>: conditional<Index == 0u, First, Second> {
static_assert(Index < 2u, "Index out of bounds");
};
} // namespace std
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_ENUM_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_ENUM_HPP
#include <type_traits>
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Enable bitmask support for enum classes.
* @tparam Type The enum type for which to enable bitmask support.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct enum_as_bitmask: std::false_type {};
/*! @copydoc enum_as_bitmask */
template<typename Type>
struct enum_as_bitmask<Type, std::void_t<decltype(Type::_entt_enum_as_bitmask)>>: std::is_enum<Type> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The enum class type for which to enable bitmask support.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool enum_as_bitmask_v = enum_as_bitmask<Type>::value;
} // namespace entt
/**
* @brief Operator available for enums for which bitmask support is enabled.
* @tparam Type Enum class type.
* @param lhs The first value to use.
* @param rhs The second value to use.
* @return The result of invoking the operator on the underlying types of the
* two values provided.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type>
operator|(const Type lhs, const Type rhs) noexcept {
return static_cast<Type>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(lhs) | static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(rhs));
}
/*! @copydoc operator| */
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type>
operator&(const Type lhs, const Type rhs) noexcept {
return static_cast<Type>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(lhs) & static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(rhs));
}
/*! @copydoc operator| */
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type>
operator^(const Type lhs, const Type rhs) noexcept {
return static_cast<Type>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(lhs) ^ static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(rhs));
}
/**
* @brief Operator available for enums for which bitmask support is enabled.
* @tparam Type Enum class type.
* @param value The value to use.
* @return The result of invoking the operator on the underlying types of the
* value provided.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type>
operator~(const Type value) noexcept {
return static_cast<Type>(~static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(value));
}
/*! @copydoc operator~ */
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, bool>
operator!(const Type value) noexcept {
return !static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Type>>(value);
}
/*! @copydoc operator| */
template<typename Type>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type &>
operator|=(Type &lhs, const Type rhs) noexcept {
return (lhs = (lhs | rhs));
}
/*! @copydoc operator| */
template<typename Type>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type &>
operator&=(Type &lhs, const Type rhs) noexcept {
return (lhs = (lhs & rhs));
}
/*! @copydoc operator| */
template<typename Type>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<entt::enum_as_bitmask_v<Type>, Type &>
operator^=(Type &lhs, const Type rhs) noexcept {
return (lhs = (lhs ^ rhs));
}
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_FAMILY_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_FAMILY_HPP
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Dynamic identifier generator.
*
* Utility class template that can be used to assign unique identifiers to types
* at runtime. Use different specializations to create separate sets of
* identifiers.
*/
template<typename...>
class family {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
inline static ENTT_MAYBE_ATOMIC(id_type) identifier{};
public:
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = id_type;
/*! @brief Statically generated unique identifier for the given type. */
template<typename... Type>
// at the time I'm writing, clang crashes during compilation if auto is used instead of family_type
inline static const value_type value = identifier++;
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_FWD_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_FWD_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include "../config/config.h"
namespace entt {
/*! @brief Possible modes of an any object. */
enum class any_policy : std::uint8_t {
/*! @brief Default mode, the object does not own any elements. */
empty,
/*! @brief Owning mode, the object owns a dynamically allocated element. */
dynamic,
/*! @brief Owning mode, the object owns an embedded element. */
embedded,
/*! @brief Aliasing mode, the object _points_ to a non-const element. */
ref,
/*! @brief Const aliasing mode, the object _points_ to a const element. */
cref
};
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
template<std::size_t Len = sizeof(double[2]), std::size_t = alignof(double[2])>
class basic_any;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for type identifiers. */
using id_type = ENTT_ID_TYPE;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using any = basic_any<>;
template<typename, typename>
class compressed_pair;
template<typename>
class basic_hashed_string;
/*! @brief Aliases for common character types. */
using hashed_string = basic_hashed_string<char>;
/*! @brief Aliases for common character types. */
using hashed_wstring = basic_hashed_string<wchar_t>;
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-forward-declaration-namespace)
struct type_info;
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_HASHED_STRING_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_HASHED_STRING_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string_view>
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename = id_type>
struct fnv_1a_params;
template<>
struct fnv_1a_params<std::uint32_t> {
static constexpr auto offset = 2166136261;
static constexpr auto prime = 16777619;
};
template<>
struct fnv_1a_params<std::uint64_t> {
static constexpr auto offset = 14695981039346656037ull;
static constexpr auto prime = 1099511628211ull;
};
template<typename Char>
struct basic_hashed_string {
using value_type = Char;
using size_type = std::size_t;
using hash_type = id_type;
const value_type *repr;
size_type length;
hash_type hash;
};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Zero overhead unique identifier.
*
* A hashed string is a compile-time tool that allows users to use
* human-readable identifiers in the codebase while using their numeric
* counterparts at runtime.<br/>
* Because of that, a hashed string can also be used in constant expressions if
* required.
*
* @warning
* This class doesn't take ownership of user-supplied strings nor does it make a
* copy of them.
*
* @tparam Char Character type.
*/
template<typename Char>
class basic_hashed_string: internal::basic_hashed_string<Char> {
using base_type = internal::basic_hashed_string<Char>;
using params = internal::fnv_1a_params<>;
struct const_wrapper {
// non-explicit constructor on purpose
constexpr const_wrapper(const Char *str) noexcept
: repr{str} {}
const Char *repr;
};
// FowlerNollVo hash function v. 1a - the good
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr auto helper(const std::basic_string_view<Char> view) noexcept {
base_type base{view.data(), view.size(), params::offset};
for(auto &&curr: view) {
base.hash = (base.hash ^ static_cast<id_type>(curr)) * params::prime;
}
return base;
}
public:
/*! @brief Character type. */
using value_type = typename base_type::value_type;
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using size_type = typename base_type::size_type;
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using hash_type = typename base_type::hash_type;
/**
* @brief Returns directly the numeric representation of a string view.
* @param str Human-readable identifier.
* @param len Length of the string to hash.
* @return The numeric representation of the string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr hash_type value(const value_type *str, const size_type len) noexcept {
return basic_hashed_string{str, len};
}
/**
* @brief Returns directly the numeric representation of a string.
* @tparam N Number of characters of the identifier.
* @param str Human-readable identifier.
* @return The numeric representation of the string.
*/
template<std::size_t N>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
[[nodiscard]] static ENTT_CONSTEVAL hash_type value(const value_type (&str)[N]) noexcept {
return basic_hashed_string{str};
}
/**
* @brief Returns directly the numeric representation of a string.
* @param wrapper Helps achieving the purpose by relying on overloading.
* @return The numeric representation of the string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr hash_type value(const_wrapper wrapper) noexcept {
return basic_hashed_string{wrapper};
}
/*! @brief Constructs an empty hashed string. */
constexpr basic_hashed_string() noexcept
: basic_hashed_string{nullptr, 0u} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs a hashed string from a string view.
* @param str Human-readable identifier.
* @param len Length of the string to hash.
*/
constexpr basic_hashed_string(const value_type *str, const size_type len) noexcept
: base_type{helper({str, len})} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs a hashed string from an array of const characters.
* @tparam N Number of characters of the identifier.
* @param str Human-readable identifier.
*/
template<std::size_t N>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
ENTT_CONSTEVAL basic_hashed_string(const value_type (&str)[N]) noexcept
: base_type{helper({static_cast<const value_type *>(str)})} {}
/**
* @brief Explicit constructor on purpose to avoid constructing a hashed
* string directly from a `const value_type *`.
*
* @warning
* The lifetime of the string is not extended nor is it copied.
*
* @param wrapper Helps achieving the purpose by relying on overloading.
*/
explicit constexpr basic_hashed_string(const_wrapper wrapper) noexcept
: base_type{helper({wrapper.repr})} {}
/**
* @brief Returns the size a hashed string.
* @return The size of the hashed string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type size() const noexcept {
return base_type::length;
}
/**
* @brief Returns the human-readable representation of a hashed string.
* @return The string used to initialize the hashed string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr const value_type *data() const noexcept {
return base_type::repr;
}
/**
* @brief Returns the numeric representation of a hashed string.
* @return The numeric representation of the hashed string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr hash_type value() const noexcept {
return base_type::hash;
}
/*! @copydoc data */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator const value_type *() const noexcept {
return data();
}
/**
* @brief Returns the numeric representation of a hashed string.
* @return The numeric representation of the hashed string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator hash_type() const noexcept {
return value();
}
};
/**
* @brief Deduction guide.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param str Human-readable identifier.
* @param len Length of the string to hash.
*/
template<typename Char>
basic_hashed_string(const Char *str, std::size_t len) -> basic_hashed_string<Char>;
/**
* @brief Deduction guide.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @tparam N Number of characters of the identifier.
* @param str Human-readable identifier.
*/
template<typename Char, std::size_t N>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
basic_hashed_string(const Char (&str)[N]) -> basic_hashed_string<Char>;
/**
* @brief Compares two hashed strings.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param lhs A valid hashed string.
* @param rhs A valid hashed string.
* @return True if the two hashed strings are identical, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Char>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const basic_hashed_string<Char> &lhs, const basic_hashed_string<Char> &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.value() == rhs.value();
}
/**
* @brief Compares two hashed strings.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param lhs A valid hashed string.
* @param rhs A valid hashed string.
* @return True if the two hashed strings differ, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Char>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const basic_hashed_string<Char> &lhs, const basic_hashed_string<Char> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compares two hashed strings.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param lhs A valid hashed string.
* @param rhs A valid hashed string.
* @return True if the first element is less than the second, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Char>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<(const basic_hashed_string<Char> &lhs, const basic_hashed_string<Char> &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.value() < rhs.value();
}
/**
* @brief Compares two hashed strings.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param lhs A valid hashed string.
* @param rhs A valid hashed string.
* @return True if the first element is less than or equal to the second, false
* otherwise.
*/
template<typename Char>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<=(const basic_hashed_string<Char> &lhs, const basic_hashed_string<Char> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(rhs < lhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compares two hashed strings.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param lhs A valid hashed string.
* @param rhs A valid hashed string.
* @return True if the first element is greater than the second, false
* otherwise.
*/
template<typename Char>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>(const basic_hashed_string<Char> &lhs, const basic_hashed_string<Char> &rhs) noexcept {
return rhs < lhs;
}
/**
* @brief Compares two hashed strings.
* @tparam Char Character type.
* @param lhs A valid hashed string.
* @param rhs A valid hashed string.
* @return True if the first element is greater than or equal to the second,
* false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Char>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>=(const basic_hashed_string<Char> &lhs, const basic_hashed_string<Char> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs < rhs);
}
inline namespace literals {
/**
* @brief User defined literal for hashed strings.
* @param str The literal without its suffix.
* @return A properly initialized hashed string.
*/
[[nodiscard]] ENTT_CONSTEVAL hashed_string operator""_hs(const char *str, std::size_t) noexcept {
return hashed_string{str};
}
/**
* @brief User defined literal for hashed wstrings.
* @param str The literal without its suffix.
* @return A properly initialized hashed wstring.
*/
[[nodiscard]] ENTT_CONSTEVAL hashed_wstring operator""_hws(const wchar_t *str, std::size_t) noexcept {
return hashed_wstring{str};
}
} // namespace literals
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_IDENT_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_IDENT_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "fwd.hpp"
#include "type_traits.hpp"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Type integral identifiers.
* @tparam Type List of types for which to generate identifiers.
*/
template<typename... Type>
class ident {
template<typename Curr, std::size_t... Index>
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr id_type get(std::index_sequence<Index...>) noexcept {
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Curr, Type> || ...), "Invalid type");
return (0 + ... + (std::is_same_v<Curr, type_list_element_t<Index, type_list<std::decay_t<Type>...>>> ? id_type{Index} : id_type{}));
}
public:
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = id_type;
/*! @brief Statically generated unique identifier for the given type. */
template<typename Curr>
static constexpr value_type value = get<std::decay_t<Curr>>(std::index_sequence_for<Type...>{});
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_ITERATOR_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_ITERATOR_HPP
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Helper type to use as pointer with input iterators.
* @tparam Type of wrapped value.
*/
template<typename Type>
struct input_iterator_pointer final {
/*! @brief Value type. */
using value_type = Type;
/*! @brief Pointer type. */
using pointer = Type *;
/*! @brief Reference type. */
using reference = Type &;
/**
* @brief Constructs a proxy object by move.
* @param val Value to use to initialize the proxy object.
*/
constexpr input_iterator_pointer(value_type &&val) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<value_type>)
: value{std::move(val)} {}
/**
* @brief Access operator for accessing wrapped values.
* @return A pointer to the wrapped value.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() noexcept {
return std::addressof(value);
}
/**
* @brief Dereference operator for accessing wrapped values.
* @return A reference to the wrapped value.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator*() noexcept {
return value;
}
private:
Type value;
};
/**
* @brief Plain iota iterator (waiting for C++20).
* @tparam Type Value type.
*/
template<typename Type>
class iota_iterator final {
static_assert(std::is_integral_v<Type>, "Not an integral type");
public:
/*! @brief Value type, likely an integral one. */
using value_type = Type;
/*! @brief Invalid pointer type. */
using pointer = void;
/*! @brief Non-reference type, same as value type. */
using reference = value_type;
/*! @brief Difference type. */
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
/*! @brief Iterator category. */
using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
constexpr iota_iterator() noexcept
: current{} {}
/**
* @brief Constructs an iota iterator from a given value.
* @param init The initial value assigned to the iota iterator.
*/
constexpr iota_iterator(const value_type init) noexcept
: current{init} {}
/**
* @brief Pre-increment operator.
* @return This iota iterator.
*/
constexpr iota_iterator &operator++() noexcept {
return ++current, *this;
}
/**
* @brief Post-increment operator.
* @return This iota iterator.
*/
constexpr iota_iterator operator++(int) noexcept {
const iota_iterator orig = *this;
return ++(*this), orig;
}
/**
* @brief Dereference operator.
* @return The underlying value.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept {
return current;
}
private:
value_type current;
};
/**
* @brief Comparison operator.
* @tparam Type Value type of the iota iterator.
* @param lhs A properly initialized iota iterator.
* @param rhs A properly initialized iota iterator.
* @return True if the two iterators are identical, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const iota_iterator<Type> &lhs, const iota_iterator<Type> &rhs) noexcept {
return *lhs == *rhs;
}
/**
* @brief Comparison operator.
* @tparam Type Value type of the iota iterator.
* @param lhs A properly initialized iota iterator.
* @param rhs A properly initialized iota iterator.
* @return True if the two iterators differ, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const iota_iterator<Type> &lhs, const iota_iterator<Type> &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
/**
* @brief Utility class to create an iterable object from a pair of iterators.
* @tparam It Type of iterator.
* @tparam Sentinel Type of sentinel.
*/
template<typename It, typename Sentinel = It>
struct iterable_adaptor final {
/*! @brief Value type. */
using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
/*! @brief Iterator type. */
using iterator = It;
/*! @brief Sentinel type. */
using sentinel = Sentinel;
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
constexpr iterable_adaptor() noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<iterator> && std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<sentinel>)
: first{},
last{} {}
/**
* @brief Creates an iterable object from a pair of iterators.
* @param from Begin iterator.
* @param to End iterator.
*/
constexpr iterable_adaptor(iterator from, sentinel to) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<iterator> && std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<sentinel>)
: first{std::move(from)},
last{std::move(to)} {}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the beginning.
* @return An iterator to the first element of the range.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
return first;
}
/**
* @brief Returns an iterator to the end.
* @return An iterator to the element following the last element of the
* range.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr sentinel end() const noexcept {
return last;
}
/*! @copydoc begin */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr iterator cbegin() const noexcept {
return begin();
}
/*! @copydoc end */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr sentinel cend() const noexcept {
return end();
}
private:
It first;
Sentinel last;
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_MEMORY_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_MEMORY_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <memory>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "../config/config.h"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Unwraps fancy pointers, does nothing otherwise (waiting for C++20).
* @tparam Type Pointer type.
* @param ptr Fancy or raw pointer.
* @return A raw pointer that represents the address of the original pointer.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto to_address(Type &&ptr) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::is_pointer_v<std::decay_t<Type>>) {
return ptr;
} else {
return to_address(std::forward<Type>(ptr).operator->());
}
}
/**
* @brief Utility function to design allocation-aware containers.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param lhs A valid allocator.
* @param rhs Another valid allocator.
*/
template<typename Allocator>
constexpr void propagate_on_container_copy_assignment([[maybe_unused]] Allocator &lhs, [[maybe_unused]] Allocator &rhs) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::propagate_on_container_copy_assignment::value) {
lhs = rhs;
}
}
/**
* @brief Utility function to design allocation-aware containers.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param lhs A valid allocator.
* @param rhs Another valid allocator.
*/
template<typename Allocator>
constexpr void propagate_on_container_move_assignment([[maybe_unused]] Allocator &lhs, [[maybe_unused]] Allocator &rhs) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value) {
lhs = std::move(rhs);
}
}
/**
* @brief Utility function to design allocation-aware containers.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator.
* @param lhs A valid allocator.
* @param rhs Another valid allocator.
*/
template<typename Allocator>
constexpr void propagate_on_container_swap([[maybe_unused]] Allocator &lhs, [[maybe_unused]] Allocator &rhs) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::propagate_on_container_swap::value) {
using std::swap;
swap(lhs, rhs);
} else {
ENTT_ASSERT_CONSTEXPR(lhs == rhs, "Cannot swap the containers");
}
}
/**
* @brief Deleter for allocator-aware unique pointers (waiting for C++20).
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
*/
template<typename Allocator>
struct allocation_deleter: private Allocator {
/*! @brief Allocator type. */
using allocator_type = Allocator;
/*! @brief Pointer type. */
using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer;
/**
* @brief Inherited constructors.
* @param alloc The allocator to use.
*/
constexpr allocation_deleter(const allocator_type &alloc) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<allocator_type>)
: Allocator{alloc} {}
/**
* @brief Destroys the pointed object and deallocates its memory.
* @param ptr A valid pointer to an object of the given type.
*/
constexpr void operator()(pointer ptr) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_destructible_v<typename allocator_type::value_type>) {
using alloc_traits = std::allocator_traits<Allocator>;
alloc_traits::destroy(*this, to_address(ptr));
alloc_traits::deallocate(*this, ptr, 1u);
}
};
/**
* @brief Allows `std::unique_ptr` to use allocators (waiting for C++20).
* @tparam Type Type of object to allocate for and to construct.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the object.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the object.
* @return A properly initialized unique pointer with a custom deleter.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Allocator, typename... Args>
ENTT_CONSTEXPR auto allocate_unique(Allocator &allocator, Args &&...args) {
static_assert(!std::is_array_v<Type>, "Array types are not supported");
using alloc_traits = typename std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::template rebind_traits<Type>;
using allocator_type = typename alloc_traits::allocator_type;
allocator_type alloc{allocator};
auto ptr = alloc_traits::allocate(alloc, 1u);
ENTT_TRY {
alloc_traits::construct(alloc, to_address(ptr), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
ENTT_CATCH {
alloc_traits::deallocate(alloc, ptr, 1u);
ENTT_THROW;
}
return std::unique_ptr<Type, allocation_deleter<allocator_type>>{ptr, alloc};
}
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename Type>
struct uses_allocator_construction {
template<typename Allocator, typename... Params>
static constexpr auto args([[maybe_unused]] const Allocator &allocator, Params &&...params) noexcept {
if constexpr(!std::uses_allocator_v<Type, Allocator> && std::is_constructible_v<Type, Params...>) {
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Params>(params)...);
} else {
static_assert(std::uses_allocator_v<Type, Allocator>, "Ill-formed request");
if constexpr(std::is_constructible_v<Type, std::allocator_arg_t, const Allocator &, Params...>) {
return std::tuple<std::allocator_arg_t, const Allocator &, Params &&...>{std::allocator_arg, allocator, std::forward<Params>(params)...};
} else {
static_assert(std::is_constructible_v<Type, Params..., const Allocator &>, "Ill-formed request");
return std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Params>(params)..., allocator);
}
}
}
};
template<typename Type, typename Other>
struct uses_allocator_construction<std::pair<Type, Other>> {
using type = std::pair<Type, Other>;
template<typename Allocator, typename First, typename Second>
static constexpr auto args(const Allocator &allocator, std::piecewise_construct_t, First &&first, Second &&second) noexcept {
return std::make_tuple(
std::piecewise_construct,
std::apply([&allocator](auto &&...curr) { return uses_allocator_construction<Type>::args(allocator, std::forward<decltype(curr)>(curr)...); }, std::forward<First>(first)),
std::apply([&allocator](auto &&...curr) { return uses_allocator_construction<Other>::args(allocator, std::forward<decltype(curr)>(curr)...); }, std::forward<Second>(second)));
}
template<typename Allocator>
static constexpr auto args(const Allocator &allocator) noexcept {
return uses_allocator_construction<type>::args(allocator, std::piecewise_construct, std::tuple<>{}, std::tuple<>{});
}
template<typename Allocator, typename First, typename Second>
static constexpr auto args(const Allocator &allocator, First &&first, Second &&second) noexcept {
return uses_allocator_construction<type>::args(allocator, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<First>(first)), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Second>(second)));
}
template<typename Allocator, typename First, typename Second>
static constexpr auto args(const Allocator &allocator, const std::pair<First, Second> &value) noexcept {
return uses_allocator_construction<type>::args(allocator, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(value.first), std::forward_as_tuple(value.second));
}
template<typename Allocator, typename First, typename Second>
static constexpr auto args(const Allocator &allocator, std::pair<First, Second> &&value) noexcept {
return uses_allocator_construction<type>::args(allocator, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(value.first)), std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(value.second)));
}
};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Uses-allocator construction utility (waiting for C++20).
*
* Primarily intended for internal use. Prepares the argument list needed to
* create an object of a given type by means of uses-allocator construction.
*
* @tparam Type Type to return arguments for.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the object.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the object.
* @return The arguments needed to create an object of the given type.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Allocator, typename... Args>
constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Allocator &allocator, Args &&...args) noexcept {
return internal::uses_allocator_construction<Type>::args(allocator, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
/**
* @brief Uses-allocator construction utility (waiting for C++20).
*
* Primarily intended for internal use. Creates an object of a given type by
* means of uses-allocator construction.
*
* @tparam Type Type of object to create.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the object.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the object.
* @return A newly created object of the given type.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Allocator, typename... Args>
constexpr Type make_obj_using_allocator(const Allocator &allocator, Args &&...args) {
return std::make_from_tuple<Type>(internal::uses_allocator_construction<Type>::args(allocator, std::forward<Args>(args)...));
}
/**
* @brief Uses-allocator construction utility (waiting for C++20).
*
* Primarily intended for internal use. Creates an object of a given type by
* means of uses-allocator construction at an uninitialized memory location.
*
* @tparam Type Type of object to create.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the object.
* @param value Memory location in which to place the object.
* @param allocator The allocator to use.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the object.
* @return A pointer to the newly created object of the given type.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Allocator, typename... Args>
constexpr Type *uninitialized_construct_using_allocator(Type *value, const Allocator &allocator, Args &&...args) {
return std::apply([value](auto &&...curr) { return ::new(value) Type(std::forward<decltype(curr)>(curr)...); }, internal::uses_allocator_construction<Type>::args(allocator, std::forward<Args>(args)...));
}
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_MONOSTATE_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_MONOSTATE_HPP
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Minimal implementation of the monostate pattern.
*
* A minimal, yet complete configuration system built on top of the monostate
* pattern. Thread safe by design, it works only with basic types like `int`s or
* `bool`s.<br/>
* Multiple types and therefore more than one value can be associated with a
* single key. Because of this, users must pay attention to use the same type
* both during an assignment and when they try to read back their data.
* Otherwise, they can incur in unexpected results.
*/
template<id_type>
struct monostate {
/**
* @brief Assigns a value of a specific type to a given key.
* @tparam Type Type of the value to assign.
* @param val User data to assign to the given key.
* @return This monostate object.
*/
template<typename Type>
monostate &operator=(Type val) noexcept {
value<Type> = val;
return *this;
}
/**
* @brief Gets a value of a specific type for a given key.
* @tparam Type Type of the value to get.
* @return Stored value, if any.
*/
template<typename Type>
operator Type() const noexcept {
return value<Type>;
}
private:
template<typename Type>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
inline static ENTT_MAYBE_ATOMIC(Type) value{};
};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Value Value used to differentiate between different variables.
*/
template<id_type Value>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
inline monostate<Value> monostate_v{};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_RANGES_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_RANGES_HPP
#if __has_include(<version>)
# include <version>
#
# if defined(__cpp_lib_ranges)
# include <ranges>
# include "iterator.hpp"
template<class... Args>
inline constexpr bool std::ranges::enable_borrowed_range<entt::iterable_adaptor<Args...>>{true};
template<class... Args>
inline constexpr bool std::ranges::enable_view<entt::iterable_adaptor<Args...>>{true};
# endif
#endif
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_TUPLE_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_TUPLE_HPP
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a given type is a
* tuple, false otherwise.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
struct is_tuple: std::false_type {};
/**
* @copybrief is_tuple
* @tparam Args Tuple template arguments.
*/
template<typename... Args>
struct is_tuple<std::tuple<Args...>>: std::true_type {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool is_tuple_v = is_tuple<Type>::value;
/**
* @brief Utility function to unwrap tuples of a single element.
* @tparam Type Tuple type of any sizes.
* @param value A tuple object of the given type.
* @return The tuple itself if it contains more than one element, the first
* element otherwise.
*/
template<typename Type>
constexpr decltype(auto) unwrap_tuple(Type &&value) noexcept {
if constexpr(std::tuple_size_v<std::remove_reference_t<Type>> == 1u) {
return std::get<0>(std::forward<Type>(value));
} else {
return std::forward<Type>(value);
}
}
/**
* @brief Utility class to forward-and-apply tuple objects.
* @tparam Func Type of underlying invocable object.
*/
template<typename Func>
struct forward_apply: private Func {
/**
* @brief Constructs a forward-and-apply object.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the new instance.
* @param args Parameters to use to construct the instance.
*/
template<typename... Args>
constexpr forward_apply(Args &&...args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<Func, Args...>)
: Func{std::forward<Args>(args)...} {}
/**
* @brief Forwards and applies the arguments with the underlying function.
* @tparam Type Tuple-like type to forward to the underlying function.
* @param args Parameters to forward to the underlying function.
* @return Return value of the underlying function, if any.
*/
template<typename Type>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Type &&args) noexcept(noexcept(std::apply(std::declval<Func &>(), args))) {
return std::apply(static_cast<Func &>(*this), std::forward<Type>(args));
}
/*! @copydoc operator()() */
template<typename Type>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Type &&args) const noexcept(noexcept(std::apply(std::declval<const Func &>(), args))) {
return std::apply(static_cast<const Func &>(*this), std::forward<Type>(args));
}
};
/**
* @brief Deduction guide.
* @tparam Func Type of underlying invocable object.
*/
template<typename Func>
forward_apply(Func) -> forward_apply<std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<Func>>>;
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_TYPE_INFO_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_TYPE_INFO_HPP
#include <string_view>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/attribute.h"
#include "fwd.hpp"
#include "hashed_string.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
struct ENTT_API type_index final {
[[nodiscard]] static id_type next() noexcept {
static ENTT_MAYBE_ATOMIC(id_type) value{};
return value++;
}
};
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto stripped_type_name() noexcept {
#if defined ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION
const std::string_view pretty_function{static_cast<const char *>(ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION)};
auto first = pretty_function.find_first_not_of(' ', pretty_function.find_first_of(ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION_PREFIX) + 1);
auto value = pretty_function.substr(first, pretty_function.find_last_of(ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION_SUFFIX) - first);
return value;
#else
return std::string_view{""};
#endif
}
template<typename Type, auto = stripped_type_name<Type>().find_first_of('.')>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::string_view type_name(int) noexcept {
constexpr auto value = stripped_type_name<Type>();
return value;
}
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] std::string_view type_name(char) noexcept {
static const auto value = stripped_type_name<Type>();
return value;
}
template<typename Type, auto = stripped_type_name<Type>().find_first_of('.')>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr id_type type_hash(int) noexcept {
constexpr auto stripped = stripped_type_name<Type>();
constexpr auto value = hashed_string::value(stripped.data(), stripped.size());
return value;
}
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] id_type type_hash(char) noexcept {
static const auto value = [](const auto stripped) {
return hashed_string::value(stripped.data(), stripped.size());
}(stripped_type_name<Type>());
return value;
}
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Type sequential identifier.
* @tparam Type Type for which to generate a sequential identifier.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct ENTT_API type_index final {
/**
* @brief Returns the sequential identifier of a given type.
* @return The sequential identifier of a given type.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static id_type value() noexcept {
static const id_type value = internal::type_index::next();
return value;
}
/*! @copydoc value */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator id_type() const noexcept {
return value();
}
};
/**
* @brief Type hash.
* @tparam Type Type for which to generate a hash value.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct type_hash final {
/**
* @brief Returns the numeric representation of a given type.
* @return The numeric representation of the given type.
*/
#if defined ENTT_PRETTY_FUNCTION
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr id_type value() noexcept {
return internal::type_hash<Type>(0);
#else
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr id_type value() noexcept {
return type_index<Type>::value();
#endif
}
/*! @copydoc value */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator id_type() const noexcept {
return value();
}
};
/**
* @brief Type name.
* @tparam Type Type for which to generate a name.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct type_name final {
/**
* @brief Returns the name of a given type.
* @return The name of the given type.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr std::string_view value() noexcept {
return internal::type_name<Type>(0);
}
/*! @copydoc value */
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator std::string_view() const noexcept {
return value();
}
};
/*! @brief Implementation specific information about a type. */
struct type_info final {
/**
* @brief Constructs a type info object for a given type.
* @tparam Type Type for which to construct a type info object.
*/
template<typename Type>
// NOLINTBEGIN(modernize-use-transparent-functors)
constexpr type_info(std::in_place_type_t<Type>) noexcept
: seq{type_index<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>::value()},
identifier{type_hash<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>::value()},
alias{type_name<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>::value()} {}
// NOLINTEND(modernize-use-transparent-functors)
/**
* @brief Type index.
* @return Type index.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr id_type index() const noexcept {
return seq;
}
/**
* @brief Type hash.
* @return Type hash.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr id_type hash() const noexcept {
return identifier;
}
/**
* @brief Type name.
* @return Type name.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::string_view name() const noexcept {
return alias;
}
private:
id_type seq;
id_type identifier;
std::string_view alias;
};
/**
* @brief Compares the contents of two type info objects.
* @param lhs A type info object.
* @param rhs A type info object.
* @return True if the two type info objects are identical, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const type_info &lhs, const type_info &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.hash() == rhs.hash();
}
/**
* @brief Compares the contents of two type info objects.
* @param lhs A type info object.
* @param rhs A type info object.
* @return True if the two type info objects differ, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const type_info &lhs, const type_info &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compares two type info objects.
* @param lhs A valid type info object.
* @param rhs A valid type info object.
* @return True if the first element is less than the second, false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<(const type_info &lhs, const type_info &rhs) noexcept {
return lhs.index() < rhs.index();
}
/**
* @brief Compares two type info objects.
* @param lhs A valid type info object.
* @param rhs A valid type info object.
* @return True if the first element is less than or equal to the second, false
* otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator<=(const type_info &lhs, const type_info &rhs) noexcept {
return !(rhs < lhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compares two type info objects.
* @param lhs A valid type info object.
* @param rhs A valid type info object.
* @return True if the first element is greater than the second, false
* otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>(const type_info &lhs, const type_info &rhs) noexcept {
return rhs < lhs;
}
/**
* @brief Compares two type info objects.
* @param lhs A valid type info object.
* @param rhs A valid type info object.
* @return True if the first element is greater than or equal to the second,
* false otherwise.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator>=(const type_info &lhs, const type_info &rhs) noexcept {
return !(lhs < rhs);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the type info object associated to a given type.
*
* The returned element refers to an object with static storage duration.<br/>
* The type doesn't need to be a complete type. If the type is a reference, the
* result refers to the referenced type. In all cases, top-level cv-qualifiers
* are ignored.
*
* @tparam Type Type for which to generate a type info object.
* @return A reference to a properly initialized type info object.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] const type_info &type_id() noexcept {
if constexpr(std::is_same_v<Type, std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>) {
static const type_info instance{std::in_place_type<Type>};
return instance;
} else {
return type_id<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>();
}
}
/*! @copydoc type_id */
template<typename Type>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
[[nodiscard]] const type_info &type_id(Type &&) noexcept {
return type_id<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>();
}
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <iterator>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/**
* @brief Utility class to disambiguate overloaded functions.
* @tparam N Number of choices available.
*/
template<std::size_t N>
struct choice_t
// unfortunately, doxygen cannot parse such a construct
: /*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */ choice_t<N - 1> /*! @endcond */
{};
/*! @copybrief choice_t */
template<>
struct choice_t<0> {};
/**
* @brief Variable template for the choice trick.
* @tparam N Number of choices available.
*/
template<std::size_t N>
inline constexpr choice_t<N> choice{};
/**
* @brief Identity type trait.
*
* Useful to establish non-deduced contexts in template argument deduction
* (waiting for C++20) or to provide types through function arguments.
*
* @tparam Type A type.
*/
template<typename Type>
struct type_identity {
/*! @brief Identity type. */
using type = Type;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Type A type.
*/
template<typename Type>
using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<Type>::type;
/**
* @brief A type-only `sizeof` wrapper that returns 0 where `sizeof` complains.
* @tparam Type The type of which to return the size.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct size_of: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0u> {};
/*! @copydoc size_of */
template<typename Type>
struct size_of<Type, std::void_t<decltype(sizeof(Type))>>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-sizeof-expression)
: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, sizeof(Type)> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type of which to return the size.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr std::size_t size_of_v = size_of<Type>::value;
/**
* @brief Using declaration to be used to _repeat_ the same type a number of
* times equal to the size of a given parameter pack.
* @tparam Type A type to repeat.
*/
template<typename Type, typename>
using unpack_as_type = Type;
/**
* @brief Helper variable template to be used to _repeat_ the same value a
* number of times equal to the size of a given parameter pack.
* @tparam Value A value to repeat.
*/
template<auto Value, typename>
inline constexpr auto unpack_as_value = Value;
/**
* @brief Wraps a static constant.
* @tparam Value A static constant.
*/
template<auto Value>
using integral_constant = std::integral_constant<decltype(Value), Value>;
/**
* @brief Alias template to facilitate the creation of named values.
* @tparam Value A constant value at least convertible to `id_type`.
*/
template<id_type Value>
using tag = integral_constant<Value>;
/**
* @brief A class to use to push around lists of types, nothing more.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the type list.
*/
template<typename... Type>
struct type_list {
/*! @brief Type list type. */
using type = type_list;
/*! @brief Compile-time number of elements in the type list. */
static constexpr auto size = sizeof...(Type);
};
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<std::size_t, typename>
struct type_list_element;
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time indexed access to the types of a type list.
* @tparam Index Index of the type to return.
* @tparam First First type provided by the type list.
* @tparam Other Other types provided by the type list.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, typename First, typename... Other>
struct type_list_element<Index, type_list<First, Other...>>
: type_list_element<Index - 1u, type_list<Other...>> {};
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time indexed access to the types of a type list.
* @tparam First First type provided by the type list.
* @tparam Other Other types provided by the type list.
*/
template<typename First, typename... Other>
struct type_list_element<0u, type_list<First, Other...>> {
/*! @brief Searched type. */
using type = First;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Index Index of the type to return.
* @tparam List Type list to search into.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, typename List>
using type_list_element_t = typename type_list_element<Index, List>::type;
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename, typename>
struct type_list_index;
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time type access to the types of a type list.
* @tparam Type Type to look for and for which to return the index.
* @tparam First First type provided by the type list.
* @tparam Other Other types provided by the type list.
*/
template<typename Type, typename First, typename... Other>
struct type_list_index<Type, type_list<First, Other...>> {
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Compile-time position of the given type in the sublist. */
static constexpr value_type value = 1u + type_list_index<Type, type_list<Other...>>::value;
};
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time type access to the types of a type list.
* @tparam Type Type to look for and for which to return the index.
* @tparam Other Other types provided by the type list.
*/
template<typename Type, typename... Other>
struct type_list_index<Type, type_list<Type, Other...>> {
static_assert(type_list_index<Type, type_list<Other...>>::value == sizeof...(Other), "Non-unique type");
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Compile-time position of the given type in the sublist. */
static constexpr value_type value = 0u;
};
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time type access to the types of a type list.
* @tparam Type Type to look for and for which to return the index.
*/
template<typename Type>
struct type_list_index<Type, type_list<>> {
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Compile-time position of the given type in the sublist. */
static constexpr value_type value = 0u;
};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam List Type list.
* @tparam Type Type to look for and for which to return the index.
*/
template<typename Type, typename List>
inline constexpr std::size_t type_list_index_v = type_list_index<Type, List>::value;
/**
* @brief Concatenates multiple type lists.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the first type list.
* @tparam Other Types provided by the second type list.
* @return A type list composed by the types of both the type lists.
*/
template<typename... Type, typename... Other>
constexpr type_list<Type..., Other...> operator+(type_list<Type...>, type_list<Other...>) {
return {};
}
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename...>
struct type_list_cat;
/*! @brief Concatenates multiple type lists. */
template<>
struct type_list_cat<> {
/*! @brief A type list composed by the types of all the type lists. */
using type = type_list<>;
};
/**
* @brief Concatenates multiple type lists.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the first type list.
* @tparam Other Types provided by the second type list.
* @tparam List Other type lists, if any.
*/
template<typename... Type, typename... Other, typename... List>
struct type_list_cat<type_list<Type...>, type_list<Other...>, List...> {
/*! @brief A type list composed by the types of all the type lists. */
using type = typename type_list_cat<type_list<Type..., Other...>, List...>::type;
};
/**
* @brief Concatenates multiple type lists.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the type list.
*/
template<typename... Type>
struct type_list_cat<type_list<Type...>> {
/*! @brief A type list composed by the types of all the type lists. */
using type = type_list<Type...>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam List Type lists to concatenate.
*/
template<typename... List>
using type_list_cat_t = typename type_list_cat<List...>::type;
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename...>
struct type_list_unique;
template<typename First, typename... Other, typename... Type>
struct type_list_unique<type_list<First, Other...>, Type...>
: std::conditional_t<(std::is_same_v<First, Type> || ...), type_list_unique<type_list<Other...>, Type...>, type_list_unique<type_list<Other...>, Type..., First>> {};
template<typename... Type>
struct type_list_unique<type_list<>, Type...> {
using type = type_list<Type...>;
};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Removes duplicates types from a type list.
* @tparam List Type list.
*/
template<typename List>
struct type_list_unique {
/*! @brief A type list without duplicate types. */
using type = typename internal::type_list_unique<List>::type;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam List Type list.
*/
template<typename List>
using type_list_unique_t = typename type_list_unique<List>::type;
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a type list contains a
* given type, false otherwise.
* @tparam List Type list.
* @tparam Type Type to look for.
*/
template<typename List, typename Type>
struct type_list_contains;
/**
* @copybrief type_list_contains
* @tparam Type Types provided by the type list.
* @tparam Other Type to look for.
*/
template<typename... Type, typename Other>
struct type_list_contains<type_list<Type...>, Other>
: std::bool_constant<(std::is_same_v<Type, Other> || ...)> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam List Type list.
* @tparam Type Type to look for.
*/
template<typename List, typename Type>
inline constexpr bool type_list_contains_v = type_list_contains<List, Type>::value;
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename...>
struct type_list_diff;
/**
* @brief Computes the difference between two type lists.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the first type list.
* @tparam Other Types provided by the second type list.
*/
template<typename... Type, typename... Other>
struct type_list_diff<type_list<Type...>, type_list<Other...>> {
/*! @brief A type list that is the difference between the two type lists. */
using type = type_list_cat_t<std::conditional_t<type_list_contains_v<type_list<Other...>, Type>, type_list<>, type_list<Type>>...>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam List Type lists between which to compute the difference.
*/
template<typename... List>
using type_list_diff_t = typename type_list_diff<List...>::type;
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename, template<typename...> class>
struct type_list_transform;
/**
* @brief Applies a given _function_ to a type list and generate a new list.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the type list.
* @tparam Op Unary operation as template class with a type member named `type`.
*/
template<typename... Type, template<typename...> class Op>
struct type_list_transform<type_list<Type...>, Op> {
/*! @brief Resulting type list after applying the transform function. */
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-type-traits)
using type = type_list<typename Op<Type>::type...>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam List Type list.
* @tparam Op Unary operation as template class with a type member named `type`.
*/
template<typename List, template<typename...> class Op>
using type_list_transform_t = typename type_list_transform<List, Op>::type;
/**
* @brief A class to use to push around lists of constant values, nothing more.
* @tparam Value Values provided by the value list.
*/
template<auto... Value>
struct value_list {
/*! @brief Value list type. */
using type = value_list;
/*! @brief Compile-time number of elements in the value list. */
static constexpr auto size = sizeof...(Value);
};
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<std::size_t, typename>
struct value_list_element;
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time indexed access to the values of a value list.
* @tparam Index Index of the value to return.
* @tparam Value First value provided by the value list.
* @tparam Other Other values provided by the value list.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, auto Value, auto... Other>
struct value_list_element<Index, value_list<Value, Other...>>
: value_list_element<Index - 1u, value_list<Other...>> {};
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time indexed access to the types of a type list.
* @tparam Value First value provided by the value list.
* @tparam Other Other values provided by the value list.
*/
template<auto Value, auto... Other>
struct value_list_element<0u, value_list<Value, Other...>> {
/*! @brief Searched type. */
using type = decltype(Value);
/*! @brief Searched value. */
static constexpr auto value = Value;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Index Index of the type to return.
* @tparam List Value list to search into.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, typename List>
using value_list_element_t = typename value_list_element<Index, List>::type;
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Index Index of the value to return.
* @tparam List Value list to search into.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, typename List>
inline constexpr auto value_list_element_v = value_list_element<Index, List>::value;
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<auto, typename>
struct value_list_index;
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time type access to the values of a value list.
* @tparam Value Value to look for and for which to return the index.
* @tparam First First value provided by the value list.
* @tparam Other Other values provided by the value list.
*/
template<auto Value, auto First, auto... Other>
struct value_list_index<Value, value_list<First, Other...>> {
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Compile-time position of the given value in the sublist. */
static constexpr value_type value = 1u + value_list_index<Value, value_list<Other...>>::value;
};
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time type access to the values of a value list.
* @tparam Value Value to look for and for which to return the index.
* @tparam Other Other values provided by the value list.
*/
template<auto Value, auto... Other>
struct value_list_index<Value, value_list<Value, Other...>> {
static_assert(value_list_index<Value, value_list<Other...>>::value == sizeof...(Other), "Non-unique type");
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Compile-time position of the given value in the sublist. */
static constexpr value_type value = 0u;
};
/**
* @brief Provides compile-time type access to the values of a value list.
* @tparam Value Value to look for and for which to return the index.
*/
template<auto Value>
struct value_list_index<Value, value_list<>> {
/*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
using value_type = std::size_t;
/*! @brief Compile-time position of the given type in the sublist. */
static constexpr value_type value = 0u;
};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam List Value list.
* @tparam Value Value to look for and for which to return the index.
*/
template<auto Value, typename List>
inline constexpr std::size_t value_list_index_v = value_list_index<Value, List>::value;
/**
* @brief Concatenates multiple value lists.
* @tparam Value Values provided by the first value list.
* @tparam Other Values provided by the second value list.
* @return A value list composed by the values of both the value lists.
*/
template<auto... Value, auto... Other>
constexpr value_list<Value..., Other...> operator+(value_list<Value...>, value_list<Other...>) {
return {};
}
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename...>
struct value_list_cat;
/*! @brief Concatenates multiple value lists. */
template<>
struct value_list_cat<> {
/*! @brief A value list composed by the values of all the value lists. */
using type = value_list<>;
};
/**
* @brief Concatenates multiple value lists.
* @tparam Value Values provided by the first value list.
* @tparam Other Values provided by the second value list.
* @tparam List Other value lists, if any.
*/
template<auto... Value, auto... Other, typename... List>
struct value_list_cat<value_list<Value...>, value_list<Other...>, List...> {
/*! @brief A value list composed by the values of all the value lists. */
using type = typename value_list_cat<value_list<Value..., Other...>, List...>::type;
};
/**
* @brief Concatenates multiple value lists.
* @tparam Value Values provided by the value list.
*/
template<auto... Value>
struct value_list_cat<value_list<Value...>> {
/*! @brief A value list composed by the values of all the value lists. */
using type = value_list<Value...>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam List Value lists to concatenate.
*/
template<typename... List>
using value_list_cat_t = typename value_list_cat<List...>::type;
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename>
struct value_list_unique;
/**
* @brief Removes duplicates values from a value list.
* @tparam Value One of the values provided by the given value list.
* @tparam Other The other values provided by the given value list.
*/
template<auto Value, auto... Other>
struct value_list_unique<value_list<Value, Other...>> {
/*! @brief A value list without duplicate types. */
using type = std::conditional_t<
((Value == Other) || ...),
typename value_list_unique<value_list<Other...>>::type,
value_list_cat_t<value_list<Value>, typename value_list_unique<value_list<Other...>>::type>>;
};
/*! @brief Removes duplicates values from a value list. */
template<>
struct value_list_unique<value_list<>> {
/*! @brief A value list without duplicate types. */
using type = value_list<>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Type A value list.
*/
template<typename Type>
using value_list_unique_t = typename value_list_unique<Type>::type;
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a value list contains
* a given value, false otherwise.
* @tparam List Value list.
* @tparam Value Value to look for.
*/
template<typename List, auto Value>
struct value_list_contains;
/**
* @copybrief value_list_contains
* @tparam Value Values provided by the value list.
* @tparam Other Value to look for.
*/
template<auto... Value, auto Other>
struct value_list_contains<value_list<Value...>, Other>
: std::bool_constant<((Value == Other) || ...)> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam List Value list.
* @tparam Value Value to look for.
*/
template<typename List, auto Value>
inline constexpr bool value_list_contains_v = value_list_contains<List, Value>::value;
/*! @brief Primary template isn't defined on purpose. */
template<typename...>
struct value_list_diff;
/**
* @brief Computes the difference between two value lists.
* @tparam Value Values provided by the first value list.
* @tparam Other Values provided by the second value list.
*/
template<auto... Value, auto... Other>
struct value_list_diff<value_list<Value...>, value_list<Other...>> {
/*! @brief A value list that is the difference between the two value lists. */
using type = value_list_cat_t<std::conditional_t<value_list_contains_v<value_list<Other...>, Value>, value_list<>, value_list<Value>>...>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam List Value lists between which to compute the difference.
*/
template<typename... List>
using value_list_diff_t = typename value_list_diff<List...>::type;
/*! @brief Same as std::is_invocable, but with tuples. */
template<typename, typename>
struct is_applicable: std::false_type {};
/**
* @copybrief is_applicable
* @tparam Func A valid function type.
* @tparam Tuple Tuple-like type.
* @tparam Args The list of arguments to use to probe the function type.
*/
template<typename Func, template<typename...> class Tuple, typename... Args>
struct is_applicable<Func, Tuple<Args...>>: std::is_invocable<Func, Args...> {};
/**
* @copybrief is_applicable
* @tparam Func A valid function type.
* @tparam Tuple Tuple-like type.
* @tparam Args The list of arguments to use to probe the function type.
*/
template<typename Func, template<typename...> class Tuple, typename... Args>
struct is_applicable<Func, const Tuple<Args...>>: std::is_invocable<Func, Args...> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Func A valid function type.
* @tparam Args The list of arguments to use to probe the function type.
*/
template<typename Func, typename Args>
inline constexpr bool is_applicable_v = is_applicable<Func, Args>::value;
/*! @brief Same as std::is_invocable_r, but with tuples for arguments. */
template<typename, typename, typename>
struct is_applicable_r: std::false_type {};
/**
* @copybrief is_applicable_r
* @tparam Ret The type to which the return type of the function should be
* convertible.
* @tparam Func A valid function type.
* @tparam Args The list of arguments to use to probe the function type.
*/
template<typename Ret, typename Func, typename... Args>
struct is_applicable_r<Ret, Func, std::tuple<Args...>>: std::is_invocable_r<Ret, Func, Args...> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Ret The type to which the return type of the function should be
* convertible.
* @tparam Func A valid function type.
* @tparam Args The list of arguments to use to probe the function type.
*/
template<typename Ret, typename Func, typename Args>
inline constexpr bool is_applicable_r_v = is_applicable_r<Ret, Func, Args>::value;
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a given type is
* complete, false otherwise.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct is_complete: std::false_type {};
/*! @copydoc is_complete */
template<typename Type>
struct is_complete<Type, std::void_t<decltype(sizeof(Type))>>: std::true_type {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool is_complete_v = is_complete<Type>::value;
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a given type is an
* iterator, false otherwise.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct is_iterator: std::false_type {};
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename, typename = void>
struct has_iterator_category: std::false_type {};
template<typename Type>
struct has_iterator_category<Type, std::void_t<typename std::iterator_traits<Type>::iterator_category>>: std::true_type {};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/*! @copydoc is_iterator */
template<typename Type>
struct is_iterator<Type, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_pointer_t<Type>>>>>
: internal::has_iterator_category<Type> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool is_iterator_v = is_iterator<Type>::value;
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a given type is both
* an empty and non-final class, false otherwise.
* @tparam Type The type to test
*/
template<typename Type>
struct is_ebco_eligible
: std::bool_constant<std::is_empty_v<Type> && !std::is_final_v<Type>> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool is_ebco_eligible_v = is_ebco_eligible<Type>::value;
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if `Type::is_transparent`
* is valid and denotes a type, false otherwise.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct is_transparent: std::false_type {};
/*! @copydoc is_transparent */
template<typename Type>
struct is_transparent<Type, std::void_t<typename Type::is_transparent>>: std::true_type {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool is_transparent_v = is_transparent<Type>::value;
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename, typename = void>
struct has_tuple_size_value: std::false_type {};
template<typename Type>
struct has_tuple_size_value<Type, std::void_t<decltype(std::tuple_size<const Type>::value)>>: std::true_type {};
template<typename, typename = void>
struct has_value_type: std::false_type {};
template<typename Type>
struct has_value_type<Type, std::void_t<typename Type::value_type>>: std::true_type {};
template<typename>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool dispatch_is_equality_comparable();
template<typename Type, std::size_t... Index>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool unpack_maybe_equality_comparable(std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
return (dispatch_is_equality_comparable<std::tuple_element_t<Index, Type>>() && ...);
}
template<typename>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool maybe_equality_comparable(char) {
return false;
}
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto maybe_equality_comparable(int) -> decltype(std::declval<Type>() == std::declval<Type>()) {
return true;
}
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool dispatch_is_equality_comparable() {
// NOLINTBEGIN(modernize-use-transparent-functors)
if constexpr(std::is_array_v<Type>) {
return false;
} else if constexpr(is_complete_v<std::tuple_size<std::remove_cv_t<Type>>>) {
if constexpr(has_tuple_size_value<Type>::value) {
return maybe_equality_comparable<Type>(0) && unpack_maybe_equality_comparable<Type>(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<Type>::value>{});
} else {
return maybe_equality_comparable<Type>(0);
}
} else if constexpr(has_value_type<Type>::value) {
if constexpr(is_iterator_v<Type> || std::is_same_v<typename Type::value_type, Type> || dispatch_is_equality_comparable<typename Type::value_type>()) {
return maybe_equality_comparable<Type>(0);
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
return maybe_equality_comparable<Type>(0);
}
// NOLINTEND(modernize-use-transparent-functors)
}
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Provides the member constant `value` to true if a given type is
* equality comparable, false otherwise.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
struct is_equality_comparable: std::bool_constant<internal::dispatch_is_equality_comparable<Type>()> {};
/*! @copydoc is_equality_comparable */
template<typename Type>
struct is_equality_comparable<const Type>: is_equality_comparable<Type> {};
/**
* @brief Helper variable template.
* @tparam Type The type to test.
*/
template<typename Type>
inline constexpr bool is_equality_comparable_v = is_equality_comparable<Type>::value;
/**
* @brief Transcribes the constness of a type to another type.
* @tparam To The type to which to transcribe the constness.
* @tparam From The type from which to transcribe the constness.
*/
template<typename To, typename From>
struct constness_as {
/*! @brief The type resulting from the transcription of the constness. */
using type = std::remove_const_t<To>;
};
/*! @copydoc constness_as */
template<typename To, typename From>
struct constness_as<To, const From> {
/*! @brief The type resulting from the transcription of the constness. */
using type = const To;
};
/**
* @brief Alias template to facilitate the transcription of the constness.
* @tparam To The type to which to transcribe the constness.
* @tparam From The type from which to transcribe the constness.
*/
template<typename To, typename From>
using constness_as_t = typename constness_as<To, From>::type;
/**
* @brief Extracts the class of a non-static member object or function.
* @tparam Member A pointer to a non-static member object or function.
*/
template<typename Member>
class member_class {
static_assert(std::is_member_pointer_v<Member>, "Invalid pointer type to non-static member object or function");
template<typename Class, typename Ret, typename... Args>
static Class *clazz(Ret (Class::*)(Args...));
template<typename Class, typename Ret, typename... Args>
static Class *clazz(Ret (Class::*)(Args...) const);
template<typename Class, typename Type>
static Class *clazz(Type Class::*);
public:
/*! @brief The class of the given non-static member object or function. */
using type = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(clazz(std::declval<Member>()))>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Member A pointer to a non-static member object or function.
*/
template<typename Member>
using member_class_t = typename member_class<Member>::type;
/**
* @brief Extracts the n-th argument of a _callable_ type.
* @tparam Index The index of the argument to extract.
* @tparam Candidate A valid _callable_ type.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, typename Candidate>
class nth_argument {
template<typename Ret, typename... Args>
static constexpr type_list<Args...> pick_up(Ret (*)(Args...));
template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename... Args>
static constexpr type_list<Args...> pick_up(Ret (Class ::*)(Args...));
template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename... Args>
static constexpr type_list<Args...> pick_up(Ret (Class ::*)(Args...) const);
template<typename Type, typename Class>
static constexpr type_list<Type> pick_up(Type Class ::*);
template<typename Type>
static constexpr decltype(pick_up(&Type::operator())) pick_up(Type &&);
public:
/*! @brief N-th argument of the _callable_ type. */
using type = type_list_element_t<Index, decltype(pick_up(std::declval<Candidate>()))>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Index The index of the argument to extract.
* @tparam Candidate A valid function, member function or data member type.
*/
template<std::size_t Index, typename Candidate>
using nth_argument_t = typename nth_argument<Index, Candidate>::type;
} // namespace entt
template<typename... Type>
struct std::tuple_size<entt::type_list<Type...>>: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, entt::type_list<Type...>::size> {};
template<std::size_t Index, typename... Type>
struct std::tuple_element<Index, entt::type_list<Type...>>: entt::type_list_element<Index, entt::type_list<Type...>> {};
template<auto... Value>
struct std::tuple_size<entt::value_list<Value...>>: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, entt::value_list<Value...>::size> {};
template<std::size_t Index, auto... Value>
struct std::tuple_element<Index, entt::value_list<Value...>>: entt::value_list_element<Index, entt::value_list<Value...>> {};
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_CORE_UTILITY_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_UTILITY_HPP
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
namespace entt {
/*! @brief Identity function object (waiting for C++20). */
struct identity {
/*! @brief Indicates that this is a transparent function object. */
using is_transparent = void;
/**
* @brief Returns its argument unchanged.
* @tparam Type Type of the argument.
* @param value The actual argument.
* @return The submitted value as-is.
*/
template<typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Type &&operator()(Type &&value) const noexcept {
return std::forward<Type>(value);
}
};
/**
* @brief Constant utility to disambiguate overloaded members of a class.
* @tparam Type Type of the desired overload.
* @tparam Class Type of class to which the member belongs.
* @param member A valid pointer to a member.
* @return Pointer to the member.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Class>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto overload(Type Class::*member) noexcept {
return member;
}
/**
* @brief Constant utility to disambiguate overloaded functions.
* @tparam Func Function type of the desired overload.
* @param func A valid pointer to a function.
* @return Pointer to the function.
*/
template<typename Func>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto overload(Func *func) noexcept {
return func;
}
/**
* @brief Helper type for visitors.
* @tparam Func Types of function objects.
*/
template<typename... Func>
struct overloaded: Func... {
using Func::operator()...;
};
/**
* @brief Deduction guide.
* @tparam Func Types of function objects.
*/
template<typename... Func>
overloaded(Func...) -> overloaded<Func...>;
/**
* @brief Basic implementation of a y-combinator.
* @tparam Func Type of a potentially recursive function.
*/
template<typename Func>
struct y_combinator {
/**
* @brief Constructs a y-combinator from a given function.
* @param recursive A potentially recursive function.
*/
constexpr y_combinator(Func recursive) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<Func>)
: func{std::move(recursive)} {}
/**
* @brief Invokes a y-combinator and therefore its underlying function.
* @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to invoke the underlying function.
* @param args Parameters to use to invoke the underlying function.
* @return Return value of the underlying function, if any.
*/
template<typename... Args>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Args &&...args) const noexcept(std::is_nothrow_invocable_v<Func, const y_combinator &, Args...>) {
return func(*this, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
/*! @copydoc operator()() */
template<typename... Args>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Args &&...args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_invocable_v<Func, y_combinator &, Args...>) {
return func(*this, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
private:
Func func;
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_ENTITY_COMPONENT_HPP
#define ENTT_ENTITY_COMPONENT_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <type_traits>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct in_place_delete: std::bool_constant<!(std::is_move_constructible_v<Type> && std::is_move_assignable_v<Type>)> {};
template<>
struct in_place_delete<void>: std::false_type {};
template<typename Type>
struct in_place_delete<Type, std::enable_if_t<Type::in_place_delete>>
: std::true_type {};
template<typename Type, typename = void>
struct page_size: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, !std::is_empty_v<ENTT_ETO_TYPE(Type)> * ENTT_PACKED_PAGE> {};
template<>
struct page_size<void>: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0u> {};
template<typename Type>
struct page_size<Type, std::void_t<decltype(Type::page_size)>>
: std::integral_constant<std::size_t, Type::page_size> {};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Common way to access various properties of components.
* @tparam Type Element type.
* @tparam Entity A valid entity type.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Entity, typename>
struct component_traits {
static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Type>, Type>, "Unsupported type");
/*! @brief Element type. */
using element_type = Type;
/*! @brief Underlying entity identifier. */
using entity_type = Entity;
/*! @brief Pointer stability, default is `false`. */
static constexpr bool in_place_delete = internal::in_place_delete<Type>::value;
/*! @brief Page size, default is `ENTT_PACKED_PAGE` for non-empty types. */
static constexpr std::size_t page_size = internal::page_size<Type>::value;
};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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#ifndef ENTT_ENTITY_ENTITY_HPP
#define ENTT_ENTITY_ENTITY_HPP
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <type_traits>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/bit.hpp"
#include "fwd.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @cond TURN_OFF_DOXYGEN */
namespace internal {
template<typename, typename = void>
struct entt_traits;
template<typename Type>
struct entt_traits<Type, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<Type>>>
: entt_traits<std::underlying_type_t<Type>> {
using value_type = Type;
};
template<typename Type>
struct entt_traits<Type, std::enable_if_t<std::is_class_v<Type>>>
: entt_traits<typename Type::entity_type> {
using value_type = Type;
};
template<>
struct entt_traits<std::uint32_t> {
using value_type = std::uint32_t;
using entity_type = std::uint32_t;
using version_type = std::uint16_t;
static constexpr entity_type entity_mask = 0xFFFFF;
static constexpr entity_type version_mask = 0xFFF;
};
template<>
struct entt_traits<std::uint64_t> {
using value_type = std::uint64_t;
using entity_type = std::uint64_t;
using version_type = std::uint32_t;
static constexpr entity_type entity_mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
static constexpr entity_type version_mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
};
} // namespace internal
/*! @endcond */
/**
* @brief Common basic entity traits implementation.
* @tparam Traits Actual entity traits to use.
*/
template<typename Traits>
class basic_entt_traits {
static constexpr auto length = popcount(Traits::entity_mask);
static_assert(Traits::entity_mask && ((Traits::entity_mask & (Traits::entity_mask + 1)) == 0), "Invalid entity mask");
static_assert((Traits::version_mask & (Traits::version_mask + 1)) == 0, "Invalid version mask");
public:
/*! @brief Value type. */
using value_type = typename Traits::value_type;
/*! @brief Underlying entity type. */
using entity_type = typename Traits::entity_type;
/*! @brief Underlying version type. */
using version_type = typename Traits::version_type;
/*! @brief Entity mask size. */
static constexpr entity_type entity_mask = Traits::entity_mask;
/*! @brief Version mask size */
static constexpr entity_type version_mask = Traits::version_mask;
/**
* @brief Converts an entity to its underlying type.
* @param value The value to convert.
* @return The integral representation of the given value.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr entity_type to_integral(const value_type value) noexcept {
return static_cast<entity_type>(value);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the entity part once converted to the underlying type.
* @param value The value to convert.
* @return The integral representation of the entity part.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr entity_type to_entity(const value_type value) noexcept {
return (to_integral(value) & entity_mask);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the version part once converted to the underlying type.
* @param value The value to convert.
* @return The integral representation of the version part.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr version_type to_version(const value_type value) noexcept {
if constexpr(Traits::version_mask == 0u) {
return version_type{};
} else {
return (static_cast<version_type>(to_integral(value) >> length) & version_mask);
}
}
/**
* @brief Returns the successor of a given identifier.
* @param value The identifier of which to return the successor.
* @return The successor of the given identifier.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr value_type next(const value_type value) noexcept {
const auto vers = to_version(value) + 1;
return construct(to_integral(value), static_cast<version_type>(vers + (vers == version_mask)));
}
/**
* @brief Constructs an identifier from its parts.
*
* If the version part is not provided, a tombstone is returned.<br/>
* If the entity part is not provided, a null identifier is returned.
*
* @param entity The entity part of the identifier.
* @param version The version part of the identifier.
* @return A properly constructed identifier.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr value_type construct(const entity_type entity, const version_type version) noexcept {
if constexpr(Traits::version_mask == 0u) {
return value_type{entity & entity_mask};
} else {
return value_type{(entity & entity_mask) | (static_cast<entity_type>(version & version_mask) << length)};
}
}
/**
* @brief Combines two identifiers in a single one.
*
* The returned identifier is a copy of the first element except for its
* version, which is taken from the second element.
*
* @param lhs The identifier from which to take the entity part.
* @param rhs The identifier from which to take the version part.
* @return A properly constructed identifier.
*/
[[nodiscard]] static constexpr value_type combine(const entity_type lhs, const entity_type rhs) noexcept {
if constexpr(Traits::version_mask == 0u) {
return value_type{lhs & entity_mask};
} else {
return value_type{(lhs & entity_mask) | (rhs & (version_mask << length))};
}
}
};
/**
* @brief Entity traits.
* @tparam Type Type of identifier.
*/
template<typename Type>
struct entt_traits: basic_entt_traits<internal::entt_traits<Type>> {
/*! @brief Base type. */
using base_type = basic_entt_traits<internal::entt_traits<Type>>;
/*! @brief Page size, default is `ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE`. */
static constexpr std::size_t page_size = ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE;
};
/**
* @brief Converts an entity to its underlying type.
* @tparam Entity The value type.
* @param value The value to convert.
* @return The integral representation of the given value.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr typename entt_traits<Entity>::entity_type to_integral(const Entity value) noexcept {
return entt_traits<Entity>::to_integral(value);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the entity part once converted to the underlying type.
* @tparam Entity The value type.
* @param value The value to convert.
* @return The integral representation of the entity part.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr typename entt_traits<Entity>::entity_type to_entity(const Entity value) noexcept {
return entt_traits<Entity>::to_entity(value);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the version part once converted to the underlying type.
* @tparam Entity The value type.
* @param value The value to convert.
* @return The integral representation of the version part.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr typename entt_traits<Entity>::version_type to_version(const Entity value) noexcept {
return entt_traits<Entity>::to_version(value);
}
/*! @brief Null object for all identifiers. */
struct null_t {
/**
* @brief Converts the null object to identifiers of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @return The null representation for the given type.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator Entity() const noexcept {
using traits_type = entt_traits<Entity>;
constexpr auto value = traits_type::construct(traits_type::entity_mask, traits_type::version_mask);
return value;
}
/**
* @brief Compares two null objects.
* @param other A null object.
* @return True in all cases.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==([[maybe_unused]] const null_t other) const noexcept {
return true;
}
/**
* @brief Compares two null objects.
* @param other A null object.
* @return False in all cases.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=([[maybe_unused]] const null_t other) const noexcept {
return false;
}
/**
* @brief Compares a null object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param entity Identifier with which to compare.
* @return False if the two elements differ, true otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const Entity entity) const noexcept {
using traits_type = entt_traits<Entity>;
return traits_type::to_entity(entity) == traits_type::to_entity(*this);
}
/**
* @brief Compares a null object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param entity Identifier with which to compare.
* @return True if the two elements differ, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const Entity entity) const noexcept {
return !(entity == *this);
}
};
/**
* @brief Compares a null object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param lhs Identifier with which to compare.
* @param rhs A null object yet to be converted.
* @return False if the two elements differ, true otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const Entity lhs, const null_t rhs) noexcept {
return rhs.operator==(lhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compares a null object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param lhs Identifier with which to compare.
* @param rhs A null object yet to be converted.
* @return True if the two elements differ, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const Entity lhs, const null_t rhs) noexcept {
return !(rhs == lhs);
}
/*! @brief Tombstone object for all identifiers. */
struct tombstone_t {
/**
* @brief Converts the tombstone object to identifiers of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @return The tombstone representation for the given type.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr operator Entity() const noexcept {
using traits_type = entt_traits<Entity>;
constexpr auto value = traits_type::construct(traits_type::entity_mask, traits_type::version_mask);
return value;
}
/**
* @brief Compares two tombstone objects.
* @param other A tombstone object.
* @return True in all cases.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==([[maybe_unused]] const tombstone_t other) const noexcept {
return true;
}
/**
* @brief Compares two tombstone objects.
* @param other A tombstone object.
* @return False in all cases.
*/
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=([[maybe_unused]] const tombstone_t other) const noexcept {
return false;
}
/**
* @brief Compares a tombstone object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param entity Identifier with which to compare.
* @return False if the two elements differ, true otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const Entity entity) const noexcept {
using traits_type = entt_traits<Entity>;
if constexpr(traits_type::version_mask == 0u) {
return false;
} else {
return (traits_type::to_version(entity) == traits_type::to_version(*this));
}
}
/**
* @brief Compares a tombstone object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param entity Identifier with which to compare.
* @return True if the two elements differ, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const Entity entity) const noexcept {
return !(entity == *this);
}
};
/**
* @brief Compares a tombstone object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param lhs Identifier with which to compare.
* @param rhs A tombstone object yet to be converted.
* @return False if the two elements differ, true otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const Entity lhs, const tombstone_t rhs) noexcept {
return rhs.operator==(lhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compares a tombstone object and an identifier of any type.
* @tparam Entity Type of identifier.
* @param lhs Identifier with which to compare.
* @param rhs A tombstone object yet to be converted.
* @return True if the two elements differ, false otherwise.
*/
template<typename Entity>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const Entity lhs, const tombstone_t rhs) noexcept {
return !(rhs == lhs);
}
/**
* @brief Compile-time constant for null entities.
*
* There exist implicit conversions from this variable to identifiers of any
* allowed type. Similarly, there exist comparison operators between the null
* entity and any other identifier.
*/
inline constexpr null_t null{};
/**
* @brief Compile-time constant for tombstone entities.
*
* There exist implicit conversions from this variable to identifiers of any
* allowed type. Similarly, there exist comparison operators between the
* tombstone entity and any other identifier.
*/
inline constexpr tombstone_t tombstone{};
} // namespace entt
#endif

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@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
#ifndef ENTT_ENTITY_FWD_HPP
#define ENTT_ENTITY_FWD_HPP
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/fwd.hpp"
#include "../core/type_traits.hpp"
namespace entt {
/*! @brief Default entity identifier. */
enum class entity : id_type {};
/*! @brief Storage deletion policy. */
enum class deletion_policy : std::uint8_t {
/*! @brief Swap-and-pop deletion policy. */
swap_and_pop = 0u,
/*! @brief In-place deletion policy. */
in_place = 1u,
/*! @brief Swap-only deletion policy. */
swap_only = 2u,
/*! @brief Unspecified deletion policy. */
unspecified = swap_and_pop
};
template<typename Type, typename Entity = entity, typename = void>
struct component_traits;
template<typename Entity = entity, typename = std::allocator<Entity>>
class basic_sparse_set;
template<typename Type, typename = entity, typename = std::allocator<Type>, typename = void>
class basic_storage;
template<typename, typename>
class basic_sigh_mixin;
template<typename, typename>
class basic_reactive_mixin;
template<typename Entity = entity, typename = std::allocator<Entity>>
class basic_registry;
template<typename, typename, typename = void>
class basic_view;
template<typename Type, typename = std::allocator<Type *>>
class basic_runtime_view;
template<typename, typename, typename>
class basic_group;
template<typename>
class basic_organizer;
template<typename, typename...>
class basic_handle;
template<typename>
class basic_snapshot;
template<typename>
class basic_snapshot_loader;
template<typename>
class basic_continuous_loader;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using sparse_set = basic_sparse_set<>;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Type Element type.
*/
template<typename Type>
using storage = basic_storage<Type>;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Type Underlying storage type.
*/
template<typename Type>
using sigh_mixin = basic_sigh_mixin<Type, basic_registry<typename Type::entity_type, typename Type::base_type::allocator_type>>;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Type Underlying storage type.
*/
template<typename Type>
using reactive_mixin = basic_reactive_mixin<Type, basic_registry<typename Type::entity_type, typename Type::base_type::allocator_type>>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using registry = basic_registry<>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using organizer = basic_organizer<registry>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using handle = basic_handle<registry>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using const_handle = basic_handle<const registry>;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Args Other template parameters.
*/
template<typename... Args>
using handle_view = basic_handle<registry, Args...>;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Args Other template parameters.
*/
template<typename... Args>
using const_handle_view = basic_handle<const registry, Args...>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using snapshot = basic_snapshot<registry>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using snapshot_loader = basic_snapshot_loader<registry>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using continuous_loader = basic_continuous_loader<registry>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using runtime_view = basic_runtime_view<sparse_set>;
/*! @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case. */
using const_runtime_view = basic_runtime_view<const sparse_set>;
/**
* @brief Alias for exclusion lists.
* @tparam Type List of types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
struct exclude_t final: type_list<Type...> {
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
explicit constexpr exclude_t() = default;
};
/**
* @brief Variable template for exclusion lists.
* @tparam Type List of types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
inline constexpr exclude_t<Type...> exclude{};
/**
* @brief Alias for lists of observed elements.
* @tparam Type List of types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
struct get_t final: type_list<Type...> {
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
explicit constexpr get_t() = default;
};
/**
* @brief Variable template for lists of observed elements.
* @tparam Type List of types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
inline constexpr get_t<Type...> get{};
/**
* @brief Alias for lists of owned elements.
* @tparam Type List of types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
struct owned_t final: type_list<Type...> {
/*! @brief Default constructor. */
explicit constexpr owned_t() = default;
};
/**
* @brief Variable template for lists of owned elements.
* @tparam Type List of types.
*/
template<typename... Type>
inline constexpr owned_t<Type...> owned{};
/**
* @brief Applies a given _function_ to a get list and generate a new list.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the get list.
* @tparam Op Unary operation as template class with a type member named `type`.
*/
template<typename... Type, template<typename...> class Op>
struct type_list_transform<get_t<Type...>, Op> {
/*! @brief Resulting get list after applying the transform function. */
using type = get_t<typename Op<Type>::type...>;
};
/**
* @brief Applies a given _function_ to an exclude list and generate a new list.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the exclude list.
* @tparam Op Unary operation as template class with a type member named `type`.
*/
template<typename... Type, template<typename...> class Op>
struct type_list_transform<exclude_t<Type...>, Op> {
/*! @brief Resulting exclude list after applying the transform function. */
using type = exclude_t<typename Op<Type>::type...>;
};
/**
* @brief Applies a given _function_ to an owned list and generate a new list.
* @tparam Type Types provided by the owned list.
* @tparam Op Unary operation as template class with a type member named `type`.
*/
template<typename... Type, template<typename...> class Op>
struct type_list_transform<owned_t<Type...>, Op> {
/*! @brief Resulting owned list after applying the transform function. */
using type = owned_t<typename Op<Type>::type...>;
};
/**
* @brief Provides a common way to define storage types.
* @tparam Type Storage value type.
* @tparam Entity A valid entity type.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Entity = entity, typename Allocator = std::allocator<Type>, typename = void>
struct storage_type {
/*! @brief Type-to-storage conversion result. */
using type = ENTT_STORAGE(sigh_mixin, basic_storage<Type, Entity, Allocator>);
};
/*! @brief Empty value type for reactive storage types. */
struct reactive final {};
/**
* @ brief Partial specialization for reactive storage types.
* @tparam Entity A valid entity type.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
*/
template<typename Entity, typename Allocator>
struct storage_type<reactive, Entity, Allocator> {
/*! @brief Type-to-storage conversion result. */
using type = ENTT_STORAGE(reactive_mixin, basic_storage<reactive, Entity, Allocator>);
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Args Arguments to forward.
*/
template<typename... Args>
using storage_type_t = typename storage_type<Args...>::type;
/**
* Type-to-storage conversion utility that preserves constness.
* @tparam Type Storage value type, eventually const.
* @tparam Entity A valid entity type.
* @tparam Allocator Type of allocator used to manage memory and elements.
*/
template<typename Type, typename Entity = entity, typename Allocator = std::allocator<std::remove_const_t<Type>>>
struct storage_for {
/*! @brief Type-to-storage conversion result. */
using type = constness_as_t<storage_type_t<std::remove_const_t<Type>, Entity, Allocator>, Type>;
};
/**
* @brief Helper type.
* @tparam Args Arguments to forward.
*/
template<typename... Args>
using storage_for_t = typename storage_for<Args...>::type;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Get Types of storage iterated by the view.
* @tparam Exclude Types of storage used to filter the view.
*/
template<typename Get, typename Exclude = exclude_t<>>
using view = basic_view<type_list_transform_t<Get, storage_for>, type_list_transform_t<Exclude, storage_for>>;
/**
* @brief Alias declaration for the most common use case.
* @tparam Owned Types of storage _owned_ by the group.
* @tparam Get Types of storage _observed_ by the group.
* @tparam Exclude Types of storage used to filter the group.
*/
template<typename Owned, typename Get = get_t<>, typename Exclude = exclude_t<>>
using group = basic_group<type_list_transform_t<Owned, storage_for>, type_list_transform_t<Get, storage_for>, type_list_transform_t<Exclude, storage_for>>;
} // namespace entt
#endif

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